Examining the relationship between urbanization and the eco-environment using a coupling analysis: Case study of Shanghai,China |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;2. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;3. School of Geography and Tourism, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou 510320, China;4. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;1. Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;2. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-Simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;3. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. School of Tourism and Cuisine, Harbin University of Commerce, 138 Tongda Street, Daoli District, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang Province, China;2. School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Province, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan 250100, PR China;2. Environmental Audit Reception Center for Construction Projects in Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China;3. Shandong Academy of Environmental Science, Jinan, Shandong 250013, PR China;1. School of Construction Management and Real Estate, International Research Center for Sustainable Built Environment, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China;2. Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China;1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, District of Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, China;2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China;3. School of Economics and Management, Nanchang Aviation University, New District of Honggutan, Nanchang, 330063, China;1. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;2. Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;3. School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510090, China;4. Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA |
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| Abstract: | As a key issue in China’s urban development, urbanization creates increasing pressure on the environment. Thus, a better understanding of the relationship between urbanization and the eco-environment is necessary for Chinese policy makers to realize sustainable urbanization development. Making reference to physical coupling models, we developed a coupling coordination degree model in order to examine the relationship between urbanization and the eco-environment in Shanghai, using data from 1980 to 2013. The comprehensive level of Shanghai’s urbanization process during the study period was estimated using an index composed of four primary indicators, namely: demographic urbanization, spatial urbanization, social urbanization, and economic urbanization. We also developed an index system for the eco-environment, which was based on four primary indicators: the environmental level, eco-environmental endowment, eco-environmental pressure and eco-environment response. The entropy method was subsequently employed in order to identify the contribution made by each indicator to the compound system during the study period. The results show that: (1) economic urbanization and eco-environmental response made the greatest contributions to the urbanization subsystem and the eco-environmental subsystem, respectively—these are thus the key factors to consider in policy decisions aiming to adjust the coupling coordination degree between the two subsystems; (2) the two parameters α-urbanization and β-eco-environment were found to have minimal effect on the coupling coordination system; (3) the coupling coordination between urbanization and the eco-environment produced an S-shaped curve, and both subsystems were found to have evolved from seriously unbalanced development at the start of the study period into superiorly balanced development at the close of the study period. The results of this study hold important implications for efforts to achieve the coordinated development of both urbanization and the eco-environment. |
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| Keywords: | Urbanization Eco-environment Coupling coordination degree Shanghai |
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