Air quality and its response to satellite-derived urban form in the Yangtze River Delta,China |
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| Institution: | 1. Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China;2. School of Geography Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China;3. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China;4. Pudong New Area Environmental Monitoring Station, Shanghai 200135, PR China;1. University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês D''Ávila e Bolama, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal;2. NECE-UBI, Management and Economics Department, Rua Marquês D''Ávila e Bolama, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal;1. School of Geographical Sciences, State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China;2. Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Kaster Ecosystem, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China;3. Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China;4. CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, 2601, Australia;5. School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China;6. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi''an, 710127, China;1. School of Management Science and Real Estate, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;2. Research Center for Construction Economy and Management, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;1. Center for Intelligent Transportation Systems and Unmanned Aerial Systems Applications, State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China;2. School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China;3. China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China;4. International Center for Adaptation Planning and Design (iAdapt), School of Landscape Architecture and Planning, College of Design, Construction, and Planning, University of Florida, P.O. Box 115706, Gainesville, FL, 32611-5706, USA;5. Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai, 200030, China;1. School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;2. Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Urbanization, Wuhan, China;3. School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China |
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| Abstract: | Air pollution is one of the top environmental concerns and causes of deaths and various diseases worldwide. An important question for sustainable development is to what extent urban design can improve or degrade urban air quality. In this article, we explored the relationship between ground-based observations of air pollution and urban form in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), the largest metropolitan region in China. We analyzed six criteria pollutants (SO2, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, CO, O3) and summarized metric (air quality index, AQI) from 129 ambient air quality monitoring stations during 2015. Urban form was characterized using six spatial metrics, including the size, shape, regularity, fragmentation and traffic coupling factor of urban patches, based on satellite-derived land cover data. The results indicated that: (1) PM2.5, PM10 and O3 were three primary pollutants in the YRD. The annual average AQI was 79, and the air quality was “moderate” for human health, with the highest and lowest AQI appeared in winter (107) and summer (60). Moreover, the air quality of the southern areas (Zhejiang province, AQI: 68) was generally better than the northern parts (Jiangsu province, AQI: 86). (2) Through the size and shape of urban patches, urban form had a significant effect on urban air quality in the YRD. PARA_MN (Mean Perimeter-area ratio), ENN_MN (Mean Euclidean Nearest Neighbor Distance), CA (Total Urban Area) and NP (Number of urban patches) had the most significant impacts on air quality. PM10 and PM2.5 were two important pollutants highly positively related to CA and NP, while negatively related to PARA_MN and ENN_MN. In addition, the polycentric urban form was associated with high air quality. (3) Land use configuration was an important indicator to describe the urban air quality. When buffer distance of spatial scale was 25 km, air quality showed the highest correlation with forest coverage. A high forest coverage rate contributed to the better air quality, increasing or preserving the forested areas would help mitigate the air pollution. |
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| Keywords: | Urban air pollution Urban form Landscape metrics Buffer distances Yangtze River Delta |
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