Expression and characterization of the zebrafish orthologue of the human FOLR1 gene during embryogenesis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1032 W. Sheridan Rd., Chicago, IL 60660, USA;2. Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Quinlan Life Science Building, 1032 W. Sheridan Rd., Chicago, IL 60660, USA;1. Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, PR China;2. Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China;3. From the Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112;4. the Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112;5. the Center for Investigational Therapeutics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112;6. the Microarray and Genomic Analysis Core Facility, Huntsman Cancer Institute, and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112;1. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan;2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan;3. Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan;4. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan;5. Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Lin-Kuo, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan;6. Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan;1. Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China;2. Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, China |
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| Abstract: | It has been well established that many types of rapidly dividing normal and diseased cells require an increased amount of folate for DNA replication and repair as well as cellular metabolism. Thus one of folate's cognate receptors, Folate Receptor 1 (FOLR1) is usually up-regulated in rapidly dividing cells, including many types of cancerous tumors. Because zebrafish have become a model organism for understanding conserved vertebrate cellular pathways and human disease, there has been an increased need to identify and elucidate orthologous zebrafish genes that are central to known human maladies. The cells of all early animal embryos go through a phase of rapid division (cleavage) where particular cell cycle checkpoints are skipped until a specification event occurs directing these embryonic stem cells to their fated germ layer cell type. Interestingly, this rapid cell division that ignores cell cycle checkpoints is also observed in many cancers. Developing blastula and tumor cells both require folr1 expression to obtain folate. In this report we have identified the expression pattern of the zebrafish gene zgc:165502, located on chromosome 15. Using computational and comparative methods and molecular biology techniques such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and whole mount in situ hybridization (WISH) during embryogenesis, we demonstrate that zgc:165502 is the zebrafish orthologue of the human FOLR1 gene. Understanding when and where FOLR1 orthologues are expressed in different biomedical model organisms such as the zebrafish will help researchers design better experiments to study the endogenous FOLR1 activity. |
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| Keywords: | Folic acid Nutrition Targeted cancer therapy Metabolism |
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