The return of the Iberian wild goat Capra pyrenaica to Portugal: From reintroduction to recolonization |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal;2. Peneda-Gerês National Park/Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e Florestas, Av.ª António Macedo, 4704-538, Braga, Portugal;3. Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain;1. UMR 5175 Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS, 1919, Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France;2. Conservatoire d’Espaces Naturels L-R., 1025 Avenue Henri Becquerel, 34000 Montpellier, France;1. Department of Zoology, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;2. Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS, CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, 14080 Córdoba, Spain;3. Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain;4. Trier University, Department of Biogeography, Universitätsring 15, 54296 Trier, Germany;5. Escuela Superor Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí (ESPAM), Calceta, Ecuador;1. Madeira Botanical Group (GBM), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9000-390, Funchal, Portugal;2. InBio, Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, CIBIO-Azores, Pólo dos Açores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal;3. Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal;4. Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Laboratório Associado, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal;5. 20 (2F2) Gosford Place, Edinburgh, EH6 4BH, Scotland, United Kingdom;1. Biology Departament – IVAGRO, Cádiz University, Campus Río San Pedro, ES11510 Puerto Real, Spain;2. Biodiversity and Conservation Area, Rey Juan Carlos University, c/ Tulipán s/n, ES28933 Móstoles, Spain;1. Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e Florestas (ICNF), Divisão de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Avenida da República, 1069-040 Lisboa, Portugal;2. Centro em Rede de Investigação em Antropologia (CRIA), Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, UNL, Avenida de Berna, 26, 1069-061 Lisboa, Portugal;1. Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;2. Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;3. Servei d'' Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain;4. Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO)/InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal;5. Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), 4099-002 Porto, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | The Iberian wild goat (Capra pyrenaica) is an endemic species of the Iberian Peninsula. Of the four generally accepted subspecies (Capra pyrenaica victoriae, C.p. hispanica, C.p. pyrenaica, C.p. lusitanica) only two subsist (C.p. victoriae, C p. hispanica). The subspecies once found in Portugal, C. p. lusitanica, became extinct in the 19th century. However, the reintroduction of the C. p. victoriae in north-west Spain, led to the natural recolonization of this subspecies into Portugal. Knowledge of the Iberian wild goat in Portugal is still limited, making it difficult to evaluate the major conservation/management needs. To fill this gap, here we describe the historical distribution of the Iberian wild goat in Portugal and summarize the available information on the reintroduction and recolonization process of this species. Additionally, we used line itinerary survey (2011–2012), coupled with Distance Sampling, to estimate current densities, range and population structure of the Iberian wild goat distribution in Portugal. The Iberian wild goat density is 2.78/100 ha (95% CI: 1,72–4,50; CV: 18,36%) and the abundance is of 576 (CI 95%: 356–930; CV: 18,36%). The distribution data shows that the population is divided in three nuclei: 1- Serra do Gerês (13,840 ha); 2–Serra Amarela (1235 ha); 3–Castro Laboreiro (343 ha), in a total area of 15,418 ha. Iberian wild goat population in Portugal has greatly increased in the last years, both in number and distribution range. The demographic data shows a potential for increase in the next years but our current ecological background knowledge still remains limited. Iberian wild goat management will benefit from a long-term project including public awareness, scientific research and management solutions. |
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| Keywords: | Iberian peninsula Historical distribution Reintroduction Distance sampling |
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