Role of human DNA2 (hDNA2) as a potential target for cancer and other diseases: A systematic review |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China;2. College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;4. Sustainable Development Study Centre, GC University Lahore, Pakistan;3. From the Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea and the;4. Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UdS, BP163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C.U. Strasbourg, France;3. From the Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Epithelial Cancer Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065 and;4. Department of Biology, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031;1. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;2. Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA |
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| Abstract: | DNA nuclease/helicase 2 (DNA2), a multi-functional protein protecting the high fidelity of genomic transmission, plays critical roles in DNA replication and repair processes. In the maturation of Okazaki fragments, DNA2 acts synergistically with other enzymes to cleave the DNA-RNA primer flaps via different pathways. DNA2 is also involved in the stability of mitochondrial DNA and the maintenance of telomeres. Moreover, DNA2 potentially participates in controlling the cell cycle by repairing the DNA replication faults at main checkpoints. In addition, previous evidences demonstrated that DNA2 also functions in the repair process of DNA damages, such as base excision repair (BER). Currently, large studies revealed the structures and functions of DNA2 in prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes, such as bacteria and yeast. However, the studies that highlighted the functions of human DNA2 (hDNA2) and the relationships with other multifunctional proteins are still elusive, and more precise investigations are immensely needed. Therefore, this review mainly encompasses the key functions of DNA2 in human cells with various aspects, especially focusing on the genome integrity, and also generalizes the recent insights to the mechanisms related to the occurrence of cancer and other diseases potentially linked to the mutations in DNA2. |
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| Keywords: | hDNA2 nuclease/helicase DNA replication and repair mtDNA Telomere maintenance Cancer occurrence |
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