Densities of spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) and African golden wolf (Canis anthus) increase with increasing anthropogenic influence |
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| Affiliation: | 1. WildEarth Guardians, PO Box 7516, Missoula, MT 59807, United States;2. Human-Environment Systems, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States;3. Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO/CSIC/PA), Oviedo University, 33600 Mieres, Spain;4. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, PO Box 5685 Torgard, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway;1. Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, 146 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0321, USA;2. Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Penn State University, 411 Forest Resources Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA;3. Panthera and College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA;4. Botswana Predator Conservation Trust, Private Bag 13, Maun, Botswana;4. Panthera, New York, NY, United States;1. Department of Nature Conservation, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;2. Enviro Conservation and Research Institute, Postnet Suite 8, Private Bag X3008, Hoedspruit 1380, South Africa |
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| Abstract: | We report densities of spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) and African golden wolf (Canis anthus) in Enderta district in northern Ethiopia with high human and low natural prey densities. We estimated spotted hyaena and African golden wolf abundance and characterized their spatial distribution with three methods we surveyed four road-transects for 66 nights during dry (n = 41) and wet (n = 25) seasons, we used 34 calling stations and we mapped all active spotted hyaena dens at the time of the survey. The density of spotted hyaena and African golden wolf increased with proximity to towns where human density was higher. A total of 562 spotted hyaena and 63 African golden wolf responded to calling stations, leading to estimates of 1145 spotted hyaena and 166 African golden wolf in Enderta district. This method also found a significantly higher spotted hyaena and African golden wolf abundance in high human density areas. Maximum response radius was 2.8 km for spotted hyaena and 2.5 km for African golden wolf, and response probability was 0.83 for spotted hyaena and 0.8 for African golden wolf, respectively. We found 40 active spotted hyaena dens with 1507 remnants of prey, and the majority of the dens were located close to rivers and villages. Our findings show a positive relationship between spotted hyaena, African golden wolf and human concentrations that might demonstrate a case of exceptional coexistence of humans and carnivores, both at high densities. We suggest further investigations into co-adaptations between humans and predators in the study area. |
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| Keywords: | Abundance Carnivores Density Human-carnivore coexistence Human-carnivore conflict Prey depleted landscapes |
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