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Characterization of exudates released by the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum exposed to copper stress: a 3D-fluorescence spectroscopy approach
Authors:Faouzi Herzi  Asma Sakka Hlaili  Christophe Le Poupon  Hassine Hadj Mabrouk  Stéphane Mounier
Institution:1. Laboratoire de Cytologie Végétale et Phytoplanctonologie, Département des Sciences de la Vie, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021, Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
2. Laboratoire des Processus de Transferts et d’Echanges dans l’Environnement (PROTEE EA 3819), Equipe Chimie Analytique et Processus de Transferts dans l’Environnement, Université du Sud Toulon—Var, BP 20132, 83957, La Garde Cedex, France
Abstract:In a laboratory study, metal contamination experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of two free copper concentrations (10?9 and 10?8 M) on cell growth and on dissolved organic matter exudation by a marine diatom Skeletonema costatum. Throughout incubation, the growth kinetics and exudation of extracellular molecules (i.e. dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the fluorescent organic matter) were determined. Results revealed an inhibition of S. costatum growth when the free copper level increased (from 10?9 to 10?8). Furthermore, DOC release was more significant in cultures contaminated by 10?9 M Cu2+ than in control, suggesting a coping mechanism developed by this species. In this study, samples were daily analysed by 3D-fluorescence and PARAFAC algorithm, in order to compare the fluorescent material produced during growth under different contaminations. PARAFAC treatment revealed two main contributions: one related to the biological activity (C1), the other linked to the marine organic matter (C2). The third component C3 was typically protein-like. This fluorophore was considered as a tryptophan-like fluorophore, whereas the C1 and the C2 components were associated to marine production such as humic matter.
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