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Synthesis, crystal structures and, antibacterial and antiproliferative activities in vitro of palladium(II) complexes of triphenylphosphine and thioamides |
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| Authors: | Shafqat Nadeem Saeed Ahmad Tahira Fazeelat Muhammad Khawar Rauf Sadia Siddiq Abdul Hameed |
| Affiliation: | a Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan b Institut für Anorganische Chemie, J.W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany c Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan d International Center for Chemical Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan e Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan f Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan |
| Abstract: | Palladium(II) complexes with triphenylphosphine (PPh3) and thioamides of the general formulae, [Pd(L)2(PPh3)2]Cl2 and [Pd(L)2(PPh3)2] have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR (1H, 13C and 31P) methods, and two of them (trans-[Pd(PPh3)2(Dmtu)2]Cl2·(H2O)(CH3OH)0.5 (1) and trans-[Pd(PPh3)2(Mpy)2] (2)) by X-ray crystallography; where L = thiourea (Tu), methylthiourea (Metu), N,N′-dimethylthiourea (Dmtu), tetramethylthiourea (Tmtu), 2-mercaptopyridine (Mpy), 2-mercaptopyrimidine (Mpm) and thionicotinamide (Tna). The spectral data of the complexes are consistent with the sulfur coordination of thioamides to palladium(II). The crystal structures of the complexes show that (1) has ionic character consisting of [Pd(PPh3)2(Dmtu)2]+2 cations and uncoordinated Cl− ions, while (2) is a neutral complex with Mpy behaving as anionic thiolate ligand. The coordination environment around palladium in (2) is nearly regular square-planar, while in (1) the trans angles show significant distortions from 180°. The complexes were screened for antibacterial effects, brine shrimps lethality bioassay and antitumor activity. These complexes showed significant activities in most of the cases against the tested bacteria as compared to that of a standard drug. Their antitumor activity against prostate cancer cells (PC3) is comparable with doxorubicin, together with no cytotoxic effects in brine shrimps lethality bioassay study. |
| Keywords: | G (+), gram positive G (&minus ), gram negative ATCC, American Type Culture Collection DSM, Deutsch Sammlung von Mikroorganismen DMSO, dimethysulfoxide MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl) -2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide DMEM, Dulbacco&rsquo s Modified Eagle Medium FBS, foetal bovine serum ELIZA, Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay IC50, inhibitory concentration 50% LD50, lethal dose 50% PPh3, triphenylphosphine L, ligand Tu, thiourea MeTu, methylthiourea DMTu, dimethylthiourea TMTu, tetramethylthiourea Imt, imidazolidine-2-thione MPy, mercaptopyridine MPm, mercaptopyrimidine Tna, thionicotinamide PC3, prostate cancer -3 |
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