Production of degradative enzymes byMetarhizium anisopliae during growth on defined media and insect cuticle |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Microbial Properties Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA, Peoria, Illinois 61604 USA;2. Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Columbia, Missouri 65205 USA;1. Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, SP, 12244-000, Brazil;2. Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo (EEL/USP), Lorena, SP, 12602-810, Brazil;3. Independent researcher, Brazil;4. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil;5. Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, SP, 08230-030, Brazil;1. Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany;2. Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;1. School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, PR China;2. Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China;1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU School of Medicine/NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA;2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA;3. Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA;4. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;5. Deparment of Orthopedic Surgery, SUNY Downstate, New York, NY, USA;6. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA;7. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA |
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| Abstract: | The entomogenous fungusMetarhizium anisopliae attacks a broad range of insects, including the agricultural pestsGalleria mellonella (the Greater Wax Moth) andTrichoplusia ni (the Cabbage Looper). Five strains ofM. anisopliae from widely divergent isolation sources were culturedin vitro on media containing gelatin, glucose plus nitrate, or purified cuticle fromG. mellonella orT. ni larvae. The production of extracellular enzymes such as proteases, chitinases, and esterase was compared. A great deal of natural strain variability was found in enzyme patterns. The highest levels of proteases and endochitinase were produced in cuticle-grown cultures. Three of five strains produced exceptionally high levels of chymoelastase (47,000 to 98,000 IU/mg protein) on cuticle. Surprisingly, the highest levels ofN-acetyl glucosaminidase were produced in gelatin-grown cultures. Most strains produced esterase under all growth conditions. The source of insect cuticle did not strongly influence the production of enzymes. |
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