Biochemistry and regulation of pheromone production in Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera,Blattellidae) |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Entomology, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA;2. Department of Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0014, U.S.A.;1. College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian Distinct, Beijing, 100048, China;2. Department of Geology and Paleontological Institute, University of Kansas, 1457 Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA;3. Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK;4. Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA;1. College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China;2. Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013–7012, USA;1. Department of Life Sciences, Ecology Section, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;2. Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain;1. College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China;2. Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA;1. School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;2. Scientific and Technical Research Center, Ministry Justice Investigation Bureau, 74, Chung-Hua Road, Hsin-Tien, New Taipei City 23149, Taiwan |
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| Abstract: | Females of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, produce a contact sex pheromone consisting of the methyl ketones 3,11-dimethyl-2-heptacosanone, 3,11-dimethyl-2-nonacosanone, 29-hydroxy- and 29-oxo-3,11-dimethyl-2-nonacosanone. We review evidence in support of the hypothesis that in adult females the hydrocarbon 3,11-dimethylnonacosane is oxidized to the corresponding methyl ketone pheromone. Recent studies on the precursors and directionality of synthesis of the methyl-branched alkane indicate that it is formed by the insertion of methylmalonyl units derived from propionate, isoleucine, valine, methionine and succinate early in chain elongation. The hydrocarbon is then hydroxylated and oxidized at the 2-position to form the methyl ketone pheromone. The in vivo synthesis of pheromone and its accumulation on the cuticle are correlated to the synthesis of juvenile hormone (JH) by the corpora allata (CA) in vitro and to oocyte development, suggesting common regulation by JH of pheromone production as well as other reproductive events. The patterns of pheromone and hydrocarbon production in starved, allatectomized and head-ligated females, as well as in females rescued with hormone-replacement therapy, suggest two mechanisms of regulation of pheromone production: a JH-induced conversion of hydrocarbon to pheromone is related to the CA cycle and to oocyte development, while a JH-independent mechanism, which is probably related to feeding, supplies precursors for hydrocarbon biosynthesis. |
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