Ectomycorrhizal exudates and pre-exposure to elevated CO2 affects soil bacterial growth and community structure |
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| Institution: | 1. Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden;2. Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, SE-85170 Sundsvall, Sweden;1. Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;2. Department of Radiation Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;3. Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;4. Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;1. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research and Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China;2. College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650000, PR China;3. College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China;1. School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pietermaritzburg Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville P/Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa;2. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North 13314, Sudan;3. Geo-Information Unit, International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi 00100, Kenya;4. Schools of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Wits 2050, South Africa;1. Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Naruko-onsen, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan;2. Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Ectomycorrhizal fungi produce low molecular weight organic compounds, supporting diverse microbial communities. To link mycorrhizal root exudation directly to bacterial responses, we used Scots pine exudates with (Suillus variegatus and Piloderma fallax) and without mycorrhiza as substrata for forest soil bacteria. Bacterial growth and vitality was monitored, and community composition determined using T-RFLP, cloning and sequencing. We investigated if the amount of organic acids in exudates explained bacterial growth, and whether bacterial communities were influenced by pre-exposure to elevated atmospheric CO2. We demonstrated functional differences in bacterial growth rates related to CO2. There was a shift in the bacterial community (e.g. Burkholderia sp. and gamma-proteobacteria) toward organisms better able to rapidly utilize exudates when pine microcosms were pre-exposed to elevated CO2. Soil bacteria from all treatments tended to grow more abundantly and rapidly in exudates from Piloderma-colonized seedlings, suggesting that the organic acids and/or unidentified compounds present supported greater growth. |
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| Keywords: | Exudation Organic acids Mycorrhiza Soil microbes Nonmycorrhizal Soil microbiome |
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