广东西樵山细石叶石核的开发策略

长期以来,细石叶技术的发展和传播是更新世末期到全新世初期文化传播、人群迁徙和生态适应研究领域探讨的重要课题。20世纪50年代,发现于广东西樵山石器制造场的大批细石叶技术产品,突破了传统意义上对细石叶技术流行、传播范围的认识。早期研究中不少学者就西樵山细石叶制品的形态特征、分布情况进行了介绍,随后鲜见后续研究,缺乏对技术内涵、石核开发策略的深入解析,亦未开展对其所指示的文化传播与人口迁徙问题的探讨。本文选取收藏于中山大学人类学博物馆的343件细石叶石核,通过对石料、毛坯类型、台面类型和数量、剥片面等多方位观察以及对相关技术数值的测量统计,建构西樵山细石叶石核开发策略的模式。这项工作总结了西樵山细石叶技术的特点,并与其他区域的细石叶技术进行对比,加深了对出现在亚热带地区的细石叶技术的认识,为尝试进一步讨论其可能的技术源流和指示人口迁徙与文化传播提供了基础。

Reduction strategy of the microblade cores from the Xiqiaoshan site in Guangdong

Development and spread of the microblade technology are topics of interest and debate intense research relating to the cultural diffusion and ecological adaptation from the late Pleistocene to the early Holocene. In the 1950s, a large amount of microblade products at the Xiqiaoshan lithic manufacturing site located in the Pearl River Delta region was discovered, and reshaped our understanding of the geographical extent of microblade technology. When these microblades were first recovered, this tropical microblade industry was initially described by several scholars. The early publications mainly focused on morphological characteristics of the microblade products, and subsequently very little further research has been carried out. Now we need an in-depth analysis to interpret the reduction strategies of these microblade cores to inform our discussions of cultural diffusion and population migrations. Xiaoqiaoshan, about 40 km southwest of Guangzhou, is an old volcano mountain on the deltaic plain of Pearl River Delta. As Xiaoqiaoshan is rich in raw materials, including different kind of igneous rocks and chert, it is a manufacturing center for the early Holocene habitants in the region. Earlier reports released the results of radiocarbon dating on the shells around 7000-5900 BP. The Guye residential base site is just 10 km to the west of Xiqiaoshan, and provide some new informations. Different from the Xiqiaoshan site, the Guye site is a habitation place and its pottery and seeds are more conducive to dating accurately by radiocarbon method. The Guye site could also provide more details on the contemporaneous remains and help us to know how the microblades were used in this tropical area. The new dating results show that the microblades were used around 5900~5500 BP. All the available data show that the microblade industry appeared in tropical area of South China during the Middle Holocene. In this paper, 343 microblade cores from the Museum of Sun Yat-sen University were analyzed. They are all collected during the archaeological surveys in 1980’s. Based on the stone materials, blank types, striking platform types, striking platform quantities, and debitage surfaces, we established the models of reduction strategies of microblade technology at the Xiqiaoshan site. Through observing the microblade cores and the schemes of reduction strategies, this study reveals some of the main characteristics of the Xiqiaoshan microblade industry: Both the flake and chunk blanks were expediently used as microblade cores; the flake blanks are more controlled to form wedge-shaped cores, and with less dimensional variation; as the chunk blanks were shaped according to the sizes of raw material nodules, they are various in sizes; the multi-platforms reduction is the most prominent feature of the Xiqiaoshan microblade reduction, since microblade cores with double and even more platforms are rare in the regions of traditionally well-developed microblade industry (Northeast China, North China, Northwest China and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau). This work not only summarized the characteristics of the microblade technology of the Xiqiaoshan site, but also compared it with the microblade techniques of other sites. The results of the current research enriched our knowledge of this tropical microblade industry and shed light on further understanding of the population migrations and cultural diffusion during the Middle Holocene.