稻鱼共作对水稻产量效应的Meta分析

定量分析世界范围内稻鱼共作对水稻的产量效应, 为稻鱼共作技术的大面积推广应用提供科学依据。研究搜集了公开发表的102组稻鱼共作与水稻单作处理的水稻产量数据(截至2021年12月31日)。运用Meta分析方法, 明确了稻鱼共作对水稻产量的综合效应, 进而量化分析了时间区域、田间条件、水稻品种、肥药管理、鱼苗投放和投喂管理等对稻鱼共作产量效应的影响。与水稻单作相比, 稻鱼共作显著提高了水稻产量, 平均增产率约为17.2%(95%CI: 9.4%—25.6%), 分析结果可靠。不同区域气候稻鱼共作的产量效应差异显著, 国外和热带气候区域较高。2011年以后年份、田沟布局为一侧、水稻品种为粳稻的试验田中, 稻鱼共作的水稻增产率相对较高; 不同测产方式的产量效应差异不显著。不同肥药管理稻鱼共作的产量效应差异显著, 施肥3次、单一追肥、施用有机肥与无机肥、施药的产量效应较高; 在保障增产效应的前提下可以适当减少肥料农药的施用量, 采用有机肥和不施农药方式以获取经济与环境的双重效益。投苗时间、养殖模式、投苗密度、投喂与否稻鱼共作的产量效应差异显著, 在水稻移栽后21—25d投苗单养, 规格、密度及生物量控制在40 g/尾、1 尾/m2和30 g/m2以内, 不投喂饲料更能发挥稻鱼共作的增产效应。稻鱼共作能够显著提高水稻产量, 是有效利用稻田资源的可行方式。

EFFECTS OF RICE-FISH COCULTURE ON RICE YIELD: A META-ANALYSIS

In order to provide a scientific basis for the large-scale application of rice-fish coculture technology, the study quantitatively analyzed the rice yield effects of rice-fish coculture in the world. 102 groups of rice yield data from published related literatures were sorted (up to December 31, 2021). Using the meta-analysis method, the comprehensive effect of rice-fish coculture on rice yield was clarified. The effects among different time, regions, field conditions, rice varieties, management methods of fertilizer, pesticide, fry stocking and feeding on rice yield were further quantified. Compared with rice monoculture, rice-fish coculture significantly increased rice yield, with an average increase rate of 17.2% (95% CI: 9.4%—25.6%). The analysis results were reliable. The results of subgroup analysis showed that there was significant difference in yield effect between different regions and climates, no significant difference between different yield estimation methods, and the yield effect was higher in foreign and tropical climate region. The yield increase rate of rice-fish coculture was relatively higher in the experimental fields where experiment was conducted after 2011, field ditch was arranged on one side (L1) and rice variety was Japonica. The yield effects of rice-fish coculture among different management methods of fertilizer and pesticide were significantly different, it was higher when fertilization times was three, fertilization pattern was single top fertilizer (TF), fertilization variety was organic and inorganic fertilizer (OIF) and pesticide was applied. On the premise of guaranteeing the yield increase effect, the application amount of fertilizer and pesticide could be appropriately reduced. Applying organic fertilizer (OF) and no pesticide could obtain dual benefits of economy and environment. The yield effects of rice-fish coculture were significantly different among fry stocking days, aquaculture models, fry densities and feeding strategies. When fish of single variety (MC) was stocked 21 to 25 days after rice transplanting without feed and the size, density and biomass were controlled within 40 g/tail, 1 tail/m2 and 30 g/m2, the rice-fish coculture had better yield increase effect. Rice-fish coculture can significantly increase rice yield, which is a feasible way to effectively utilize rice field resources.