Power analysis for case–control association studies of samples with known family histories |
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Authors: | Bo Peng Biao Li Younghun Han Christopher I Amos |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler St. Unit 1340, Houston, TX 77030, USA;(2) Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, MS-142, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, USA |
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Abstract: | Genome-wide case–control studies have been widely used to identify genetic variants that predispose to human diseases. Such
studies are powerful in detecting common genetic variants with moderate effects, but quickly lose power as allele frequency
and genotype relative risk decrease. Because patients with one or more affected relatives are more likely to inherit disease-predisposing
alleles of a genetic disease than patients without family histories of the disease, sampling patients with affected relatives
almost always increases the frequency of disease predisposing alleles in cases and improves the power of case–control association
studies. This paper evaluates the power of case–control studies that select cases and/or controls according to their family
histories of disease. Our results showed that this study design can dramatically increase the power of a case–control association
study for a wide range of disease types. Because each additional affected relative of a patient reduces the required sample
size roughly by a pair of case and control, inclusion of cases with affected relatives can dramatically decrease the required
sample size and thus the cost of such studies. |
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