锦鲤总色素及色素组分的比较研究

用光谱和色谱两种方法对锦鲤的总色素和色素组分进行了研究。研究结果表明,红色锦鲤、乌鲤和绯写锦鲤总色素光谱在可见光区(448nm和470nm)有两个完全相同的吸收峰,黄写锦鲤和昭和三色锦鲤总色素光谱在可见光区(445nm和472nm附近)有两个相近的吸收峰,锦鲤所含色素组分均以杏黄色或橙色为主,其他色素组分为辅。锦鲤黑色色斑是由于黑色素存在时,其他各色素组分的颜色被黑色所掩盖;锦鲤其他色斑的形成则是由于其体内各色素组分以不同比例相互搭配组合的结果。亲缘关系越近的锦鲤其总色素组分就越相似,红色锦鲤和乌鲤均含有六种相同的色素组分,绯写锦鲤除杏黄色和橙色色素组分与前二者的同色色素组分Rf值不同外,其余四种同色色素组分的Rf值均相近;黄写锦鲤与昭和三色锦鲤分别含有三种和四种色素组分且Rf值差异显著。据此推测,红色锦鲤、乌鲤和绯写锦鲤可能具有较近的亲缘关系,而黄写锦鲤、昭和三色锦鲤与前三者之间可能具有较远的亲缘关系。该研究有望为锦鲤增色饵料的研制与开发提供理论依据,使锦鲤的观赏价值和经济价值得到进一步提高。  

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE TOTAL PIGMENT AND PIGMENT COMPONENTS OF COLOR CARP

The study was conducted to investigate the total pigment and pigment components of different breeds of color carp by spectrophotometer and thin-layer chromatography.The results showed that spectrum of total pigment of Red Color Carp and Black color Carp and Black Spot-Red color Carp had two same absorption peaks in visible lregion(470nm and 448nm).The spectrum of total pigment of Black Spot-Yellow color Carp and Black-Blue-Red Spot-color Carp had two similar absorption peaks in visible region(445nm and 472nm).The pigment components of different breeds of brocaded carp were mainly apricot or orange pigment.The black spots of color carp may be formed when melanin covered other pigment,other color spots may be formed when the pigment components of all kinds were mixed in proper proportions.The more the relation of color carp is close,the more the total pigment component is similar.Red color Carp and Black color Carp had same pigment components of six kinds,there were similar Rf values of four same color pigment components for Black Spot-Red color Carp as compared with both of the former and there were different Rf values of two same color pigment components for the latter in comparison with both of the former.Black Spot-Yellow color Carp and Black-Blue-Red Spot-color Carp had three and four pigment components respectively,and the difference of their Rf values was notable.As above,Red color Carp and Black color Carp and Black Spot-Red color Carp probably are close relatives,and the former and Black Spot-Yellow color Carp of Black-Blue-Red Spot-color Carp probably are distant relatives.This study will help the research and development of color carp color-adding diet and further enhancement of brocaded carp ornamental value and market value.