Social organization of the spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta). I. Demography |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Switzerland;2. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain;3. Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain;4. Department of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain;5. Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain;1. Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States;2. Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;3. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;1. Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA;2. Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX;1. Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain;2. Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Jaca, Spain;3. Animal Ecology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany;4. Université de Lausanne, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, Lausanne, Switzerland;5. Reproductive Ecology and Biology Group, Museo National de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain;6. Fundación Araid, Zaragoza, Spain;1. Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;2. Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Instituto de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05422-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;1. Institute Polytechnique de Grenoble Saint Martin d''Hères, 38400, France;2. COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Wah Cantt 47040, Pakistan;3. COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;4. King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;5. Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | A 4-year field study of one group of 60–80 spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta) in Kenya's Masai Mara National Reserve has revealed a form of social system undescribed among carnivores but common among primates. Male juveniles disperse from the natal group around puberty and join a population of nomadic males, wandering widely before settling in a new clan. Adult males frequently leave their adopted clan after a variable period of residence. Females remain in their natal group for life. Thus, the clan comprises several matrilines of related females, while resident adult males originate outside the group. Clans in the Mara tend to be separated by wide buffer zones where prey is scarce and boundary maintenance behaviours are relatively uncommon. Transients are subordinate to residents, but are tolerated by them, in contrast to the more territorial clan system that has been described in Ngorongoro Crater. |
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