栓皮栎叶片解剖结构种群变异及其对环境因子的适应

【目的】厘清天然广布树种栓皮栎叶片解剖结构的种群变异及其与环境因子的关系。【方法】以中国28个天然分布栓皮栎种群叶片为研究对象，运用常规石蜡切片结合光学显微技术对栓皮栎叶片解剖性状进行研究，采用巢式方差分析、Pearson相关性分析等方法对栓皮栎叶片解剖结构的种群变异与环境因子的关系进行分析。【结果】（1）栓皮栎叶片解剖性状在28个种群间存在显著差异，平均变异系数为7.90%~14.70%，且同一叶片解剖性状在不同种群间的变异范围不同；（2）9个解剖性状在种群内及种群间均存在极显著差异，平均表型分化系数为37.44%，解剖性状变异主要来自种群内；（3）叶片厚度，上表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度与纬度呈显著正相关关系，年均温及年降水量对上表皮厚度和栅栏组织厚度有显著影响。【结论】栓皮栎具有丰富的遗传多样性，为适应低温与干旱，栓皮栎叶片整体呈增厚趋势。结果可为了解栓皮栎环境适应策略提供理论依据。

Population Variation of Leaf Anatomical Structure of Quercus variabilis and Its Adaptation to Environmental Factors

Objective] In order to better understand the population variation of cork oak leaf anatomical structure and its relationship with environmental factors. Methods] The leaves of 28 naturally distributed Quercus variabilis populations in China were studied by conventional paraffin sections combined with optical microscopy. Nested analysis of variance and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the relationship between population variation of leaf anatomical structure and environmental factors. Results] (1) there were significant differences in leaf anatomic traits among 28 populations, the average coefficient of variation was 7.90% ~ 14.70%, and the variation range of the same leaf anatomic traits was different among different populations. (2) There were significant differences among the 9 anatomic traits within and among populations, and the average phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 37.44%. The variation of anatomic traits mainly came from within populations. (3) Leaf thickness, epidermis thickness, palisade tissue thickness and spongy tissue thickness were significantly positively correlated with latitude, and average annual temperature and annual precipitation had significant effects on the epidermis thickness and palisade tissue thickness. Conclusion] The results show that Q. variabilis has rich genetic, in order to adapt to low temperature and drought, the leaves of Q. variabilis showed a trend of thickening. The results can provide theoretical basis for understanding environmental adaptation strategies of Q. variabilis.