Electron microscopy of tobacco mosaic virus under conditions of minimal beam exposure |
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| Authors: | R C Williams H W Fisher |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Università “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele, Milano, Italy;2. Integral Molecular, Philadelphia, USA;3. Laboratory for Biomolecular Modeling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;4. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland;1. Research Centre for Plant RNA Signalling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China;2. Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt;3. School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK;1. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK;2. Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy;3. Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK;4. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppler Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK;5. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Biophysics, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy |
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| Abstract: | A new technique of electron microscopy has been developed which, when applied to the micrography of tobacco mosaic virus, results in a notably improved delineation of its fine structure. The technique stems from earlier observations that the amount of electron beam irradiation normally used in electron microscopy is destructive to biological specimens. A method is described to minimize such damage, wherein the specimen is subjected only to the irradiation necessary to obtain a photographic exposure. The contrast in the appearance of tobacco mosaic virus as micrographed by the new procedures, and by traditional ones, is demonstrated. |
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