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Phylogenetic Analysis of 18S rRNA and the Mitochondrial Genomes of the Wombat, <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Vombatus ursinus,</Emphasis> and the Spiny Anteater, <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Tachyglossus aculeatus:</Emphasis> Increased Support for the Marsupionta Hypothesis
Authors:Axel  Janke  Ola  Magnell  Georg  Wieczorek  Michael  Westerman  Ulfur  Arnason
Institution:1.Department of Genetics, Division of Evolutionary Molecular Systematics, University of Lund, S?lvegatan 29, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden,SE;2.Department of Genetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia,AU
Abstract:The monotremes, the duck-billed platypus and the echidnas, are characterized by a number of unique morphological characteristics, which have led to the common belief that they represent the living survivors of an ancestral stock of mammals. Analysis of new data from the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of a second monotreme, the spiny anteater, and another marsupial, the wombat, yielded clear support for the Marsupionta hypothesis. According to this hypothesis marsupials are more closely related to monotremes than to eutherians, consistent with a basal split between eutherians and marsupials/monotremes among extant mammals. This finding was also supported by analysis of new sequences from a nuclear gene—18S rRNA. The mt genome of the wombat shares some unique features with previously described marsupial mtDNAs (tRNA rearrangement, a missing tRNALys, and evidence for RNA editing of the tRNAAsp). Molecular estimates of genetic divergence suggest that the divergence between the platypus and the spiny anteater took place ≈34 million years before present (MYBP), and that between South American and Australian marsupials ≈72 MYBP. Received: 28 October 2000 / Accepted: 23 March 2001
Keywords:: Phylogenetics —  Marsupionta —  Theria —  Spiny anteater —  Wombat —  Mitochondrial DNA —  18S rDNA
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