Concordant mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA structuring between Polish lowland and Carpathian Mountain wolves |
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Authors: | Sylwia D. Czarnomska Bogumiła Jędrzejewska Tomasz Borowik Magdalena Niedziałkowska Astrid V. Stronen Sabina Nowak Robert W. Mysłajek Henryk Okarma Maciej Konopiński Małgorzata Pilot Wojciech Śmietana Romolo Caniglia Elena Fabbri Ettore Randi Cino Pertoldi Włodzimierz Jędrzejewski |
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Affiliation: | 1. Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 17-230, Bia?owie?a, Poland 2. Association for Nature “Wolf”, Twardorzeczka 229, 34-324, Lipowa, Poland 9. Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland 3. Institute for Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland 4. Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Wilcza 69, 00-679, Warszawa, Poland 5. Laboratorio di genetica, ISPRA, via Cà Fornacetta 9, 40064, Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy 7. Department 18/Section of Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohng?rdsholmsvej 57, Aalborg, Denmark 6. Ecology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Aarhus, Building 1540, Ny Munkegade, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark 8. Aalborg Zoo, M?lleparkvej 63, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
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Abstract: | Phylogeographic studies of highly mobile large carnivores suggest that intra-specific genetic differentiation of modern species might be the consequence of the most recent Pleistocene glaciation. However, the relative influence of biogeographical processes and subsequent human-induced population fragmentation requires a better understanding. Poland represents the western edge of relatively continuous distributions of many wide-ranging species, e.g. lynx (Lynx lynx), wolves (Canis lupus), moose (Alces alces) and, therefore, a key area for understanding historic and contemporary patterns of gene flow in central Europe. We examined wolf genetic structure in Poland and in a recently recolonized area in eastern Germany using microsatellite profiles (n = 457) and mitochondrial DNA sequencing (mtDNA, n = 333) from faecal samples. We found significant genetic structure and high levels of differentiation between wolves in the Carpathian Mountains and the Polish lowlands. Our findings are consistent with previously reported mtDNA subdivision between northern lowlands and southern mountains, and add new and concordant findings based on autosomal marker variation. Wolves in western Poland and eastern Germany showed limited differentiation from northeastern Poland. Although the presence of private alleles suggests immigration also from areas not sampled in this study, most individuals seem to be immigrants from northeastern Poland or their descendants. We observed moderate genetic differentiation between certain northeastern lowland regions separated by less than 50 km. Moreover, mtDNA results indicated a southeastern subpopulation near the border with Ukraine. The observed structure might reflect landscape fragmentation and/or ecological differences resulting in natal habitat-biased dispersal. |
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