膜生物膜法在水污染控制及资源回收中的研究进展

传统以达标排放为核心目标的废水处理工艺往往以高能耗、高物耗换取污染物削减,形成了"减排污染物、增排温室气体"的尴尬局面,并不符合可持续发展理念。作为一种新型的膜处理技术,膜生物膜法可利用无泡曝气的方式将气态电子供体(甲烷、氢气)或受体(氧气)提供给附着在膜表面的微生物,从而驱动水体中的污染物去除,并产生一些极具回收潜力的物质,最终实现污染物削减、节能减排及资源回收三大目标的有机整合。本文系统介绍了膜生物膜的传质过程及其去除污染物的微观机制,探讨了膜生物膜法在水处理资源回收方面的研究前景,梳理了膜生物膜反应器在水污染控制方面的实验研究和中试应用现状,并总结了膜生物膜法面临的挑战及发展趋势。

Advances in water pollution control and resource recovery by membrane-supported biofilm reactor

The traditional waste water treatment process with standard discharge as the core goal often requires high energy and material consumption, leading to the situation of reducing pollutants and increasing greenhouse gas emissions, which does not conform to the concept of sustainable development. As a novel membrane treatment technology, the membrane-supported biofilm reactor (MSBR) can utilize bubbleless aeration to provide gaseous electron donor (CH4, H2) or acceptor (O2) for attached biofilm, thereby removing contaminants from water and producing substances of recycling value. Thus, MSBR can achieve the three major goals of contaminants removal, energy saving and resource recovery. This article systematically introduced the mass transfer process of membrane biofilm and the mechanism of removing contaminants, discussed the research prospects of MSBR in resource recovery, and sorted out the typical contaminant removal in water treatment in experimental and pilot scales. Finally, we also summarized the challenges and development trends of the MSBR.