Role of iron metabolism in heart failure: From iron deficiency to iron overload |
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Authors: | Hao Zhang Pavel Zhabyeyev Shaohua Wang Gavin Y Oudit |
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Institution: | 1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Canada;2. Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Canada;3. Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada |
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Abstract: | Iron metabolism is a balancing act, and biological systems have evolved exquisite regulatory mechanisms to maintain iron homeostasis. Iron metabolism disorders are widespread health problems on a global scale and range from iron deficiency to iron-overload. Both types of iron disorders are linked to heart failure. Iron play a fundamental role in mitochondrial function and various enzyme functions and iron deficiency has a particular negative impact on mitochondria function. Given the high-energy demand of the heart, iron deficiency has a particularly negative impact on heart function and exacerbates heart failure. Iron-overload can result from excessive gut absorption of iron or frequent use of blood transfusions and is typically seen in patients with congenital anemias, sickle cell anemia and beta-thalassemia major, or in patients with primary hemochromatosis. This review provides an overview of normal iron metabolism, mechanisms underlying development of iron disorders in relation to heart failure, including iron-overload cardiomyopathy, and clinical perspective on the treatment options for iron metabolism disorders. |
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Keywords: | Corresponding author at: Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2S2 Canada Heart failure Cardiomyopathy Hemochromatosis Iron deficiency Iron overload Iron metabolism Hepcidin Genetic regulation Mitochondrial function |
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