Vascular smooth muscle cell senescence and age-related diseases: State of the art |
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Authors: | Chen Chi Dong-Jie Li Yu-Jie Jiang Jie Tong Hui Fu Yi-Hang Wu Fu-Ming Shen |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People''s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, PR China;2. Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China |
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Abstract: | Aging is a worldwide challenge, and it is accompanied by the accumulation of senescent cells. Cellular senescence is traditionally defined as permanent cell growth arrest and currently includes the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). There are two main types of cellular senescence, including telomere-dependent replicative senescence and stress-induced premature senescence. The process of cellular senescence is mainly controlled by two effector pathways, namely, the p53-p21 and p16-retinoblastoma protein (pRB) pathways. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are integral parts of arteries and play an important role in vascular structure and function. VSMC senescence may be triggered by many factors, such as angiotensin II, oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, and small molecule compounds. These inducers are able to genetically and epigenetically regulate VSMC senescence. The senescence of VSMCs together with the SASP contributes to chronic vascular inflammation, the loss of arterial function, and the development of age-related diseases. Current evidence suggests that the senescence of VSMCs might be harmful to individual health, whereas its influence on the lifespan is not clear. The purpose of this paper was to review the current knowledge regarding VSMC senescence and its relevance to hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes, as well as the potential mechanisms responsible for VSMC senescence in these age-related diseases. |
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Keywords: | Correspondence to: Y.-H. Wu, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, 258 Xueyuan Street, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China. Senescence Vascular smooth muscle cells Aging Hypertension Atherosclerosis Diabetes |
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