Latrunculin B or ATP depletion induces cofilin-dependent translocation of actin into nuclei of mast cells

Increasing cellular G-actin, using latrunculin B, in either intact or permeabilized rat peritoneal mast cells, caused translocation of both actin and an actin regulatory protein, cofilin, into the nuclei. The effect was not associated with an increase in the proportion of apoptotic cells. The major part of the nuclear actin was not stained by rhodamine-phalloidin but could be visualized with an actin antibody, indicating its monomeric or a conformationally distinct state, e.g. cofilin-decorated filaments. Introduction of anti-cofilin into permeabilized cells inhibited nuclear actin accumulation, implying that an active, cofilin-dependent, import exists in this system. Nuclear actin was localized outside the ethidium bromide-stained region, in the extrachromosomal nuclear domain. In permeabilized cells, the appearance of nuclear actin and cofilin was not significantly affected by increasing Ca(2+)] and/or adding guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate), but was greatly promoted when ATP was withdrawn. Similarly, ATP depletion in intact cells also induced nuclear actin accumulation. In contrast to the effects of latrunculin B, ATP depletion was associated with an increase in cortical F-actin. Our results suggest that the presence of actin in the nucleus may be required for certain stress-induced responses and that cofilin is essential for the nuclear import of actin.