生态地理区划研究进展

生态地理区划是国内外地理学和宏观生态学研究的热点问题之一.国外学者对生态地理区划概念、原则和指标体系和方法等进行了大量的研究和讨论,并就全球、国家和区域尺度的生态地域系统进行划分.其研究经历了从单生态因子分异的规律性认识、生态系统聚合、人类作为生态系统一部分的单要素划分到层次约束、相互包容与不包容的等级斑块思维的整体性功能、过程和结构性划分的发展路线.我国生态地理区划在借鉴自然区划的基础上发展较为迅速,并在区划的原则、方法、理论等方面取得重要进展,就全国或地区的生态地理综合区划及要素区划等进行了深入的探讨.但仍然处于探索阶段,理论方法和技术体系不完善.中国未来生态地理区划应重点展开基础理论研究,构建严密的区划体系和理论体系,更加关注人文要素在区划中的重要影响,注重新方法和技术的应用,并加强对典型生态地域系统区划研究.为区域经济发展与生态环境保护、改良和合理利用提供科学依据.

Progrest on eco-geographical regionalization researches

Eco-geographical regionalization provides a scientific basis for rational management and sustainable utilization of natural resources such as in constructing healthy eco-environment and making policies of sustainable development. Under the conditions of global environmental changes, loss of biodiversity and lack of land resources, methods of eco-regionalization and eco-mapping have drawn considerable attention, because they are important issues in macro-ecology and geography studies at home and in abroad. Large efforts have been made in abroad to elucidate the ecosystem's response to global environment changes, to analyze the causes, and to provide a scientific basis for exploiting and utilizing resources, conserving biodiversity, and making strategy of regional sustainable development. Conception, principle, and methodology, index system of eco-geographical regionalization have been studied, and schemes of which have been expounded in global, national and regional scales in recent years. Studies on eco-geographical regionalization have gone through a process from single factor regionalization to integrity function, process and structural demarcation, in which disciplinarian recognizing of differentiation of single ecological factor, polymerization of ecosystem and mankind as a part of ecosystem were transformed into layer restriction, interactive embodiment and incomprehensive hierarchical patch. Studies on eco-geographical regionalization in China have also made great progress in principle, methodology, and theory since 1930s, for example, comprehensive eco-regionalization and element regionalization in national and regional scale have been discussed, and no less than ten schemes of eco-regionalization have been put forward since 1954. However, theory, methodology and technical system of eco-geographical regionalization has not been consummated. For example, a rational standard of regionalization system to regulate regional ecosystem and to formulate sustainable development strategy has not been identified. Meanwhile, earlier studies paid more attentions to elucidate the impacts of natural factors rather than human factors, making it difficult to reflect actual effect of human activity itself and the mechanism to eco-regional system.In all, more efforts should be made to strengthen basic theory studies on eco-geographical regionalization, to construct more rigorous regionalization system, to pay more attention to impact of human factors, and to apply new technology and method in practice of regionalization, such as GIS, GPS and RS. Furthermore, we should constructer basic database of eco-geographical regional system based on the massive data coming from RS and field investigation, experimental simulation and physiochemical analysis, and strengthen regionalization studies on typical ecoregions such as in loess plateau, Yangtze River delta, and Zhujiang River delta.