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Evaluation of brain-stem auditory evoked potentials using dynamic time warping
Affiliation:2. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy;3. Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas;4. Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, Texas;5. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas;11. Interventional Electrophysiology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California;12. MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio;8. Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California;9. Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia Services, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California;1. Brno Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, St. Anne’s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic;2. International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic;3. Brno Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne’s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic;4. Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic;1. Dept. of Educational Leadership, Research and Technology, Western Michigan University, United States;2. W. K. Kellogg Foundation, United States;1. Junior Research Group FANS (Pedestrian Assistance System for Older Road User), Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany;2. Biological Psychology and Neuroergonomics, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany;3. School of Computer Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia;4. Center for Advanced Neurological Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
Abstract:Dynamic time warping is a procedure whereby portions of a temporal sequence of values are stretched or shrunk to make it similar to another sequence. This procedure can be used to align the brain-stem auditory evoked potentials recorded from different subjects prior to averaging. The resultant warp-average more closely resembles the wave form of a typical subject than the conventional average. Dynamic time warping can also be used to compare one brain-stem auditory evoked potential to another. This comparison can show the differences that result from changes in a stimulus parameter such as intensity or repetition rate. When a patient's wave form is compared to a normal template, warping can identify the peaks in the patient's wave form that correspond most closely to the peaks in the normal template. Compared to an experienced human interpreter, warping is very accurate in identifying the waves of normal brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (error rate between 0 and 4%) and reasonably accurate in identifying the peaks in abnormal wave forms (error rate between 3 and 18%).
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