西方蜜蜂六个亚种苹果酸脱氢酶Ⅱ基因的遗传差异

研究了西方蜜蜂Apis mellifera 6亚种-浙农大1号意蜂（ZND A. m. ligustica）、东北黑蜂（A. m. ssp.）、卡尼鄂拉蜂（A. m. carnica）、喀尔巴阡蜂（A. m. carpatica）、高加索蜂（A. m. caucasica）和乌克兰蜂（A. m. acervorum）苹果酸脱氢酶Ⅱ的基因型频率、基因频率和杂合纯合度。浙农大1号意蜂、喀尔巴阡蜂和高加索蜂的纯合度较高，但浙农大1号意蜂等位基因c频率最高，喀尔巴阡蜂等位基因b频率最高， 高加索蜂等位基因a频率最高；东北黑蜂、卡尼鄂拉蜂和乌克兰蜂是高度杂合的亚种，但东北黑蜂等位基因a、b、c的频率差异较小，卡尼鄂拉蜂和乌克兰蜂主要存在a、c两个等位基因，b出现频率很小；6亚种的基因型频率、基因频率和杂合纯合度都有极显著差异。这些差异将从遗传和生化角度为西方蜜蜂6个亚种的鉴别提供依据。

Genetic variability of MDH H gene in six subspecies of Apis mellifera

The malate dehydrogenase (MDH) isozyme in six subspecies of Apis mellifera, i.e., “Zhejiang Agricultural University” No-1 A. m. ligustica (Ea), A. m. ssp. (Db), A. m. carnica (Cn), A. m. carpatica (Cp), A. m. caucasica (Cc), and A. m. acervorum (Ac), was studied with isoelectrofocusing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (IEF PAGE), and their genotype frequency, allele frequency, homozygous and heterozygous degree were analyzed. Ea, Cp and Cc showed high homozygous degree, but the allele with the highest frequency was c in Ea; b in Cp; and a in Cc. Db, Cn and Ac are highly heterozygous subspecies, but the frequency differences of the allele a, b and c in Db were less than the others; and the frequencies of the allele a, c were higher, while the allele b was rare in Cn and Ac. There were highly significant differences in the genotype frequency, the allele frequency and the heterozygous and homozygous degree among six subspecies. These differences provided some genetic clues for the discrimination of six subspecies.