成虫饲料中糖与奶粉不同配比对家蝇繁殖力及卵黄蛋白发生的影响

本文研究了成蝇饲料中糖与奶粉不同配比对家蝇繁殖力及卵黄蛋白发生的影响,旨在为家蝇Musca domestica大规模高效养殖提供技术支持。结果表明,随着成蝇饲料中奶粉比例提高,单雌产卵量逐渐提高,且差异显著,但当饲料中奶粉比例达到和超过80%以后,单雌产卵量又显著减少,其中以60%奶粉+40%白糖饲养雌蝇产卵量最高(1935.83粒/雌),用100%白糖饲养产卵量最低(328.17粒/雌)。当成蝇饲料中白糖的添加比例为20%~60%时,雌虫寿命和产卵期差异均不显著,但用100%奶粉或80%以上的白糖饲养,雌虫寿命和产卵期显著缩短;雄虫寿命则随饲料中白糖比例的增加而延长;奶粉与白糖配比的变化对雌蝇产卵前期无显著影响。卵孵化率随饲料中白糖比例的增加而下降,尤其当饲料中白糖比例超过60%以后,卵孵化率下降更为明显。进一步测定卵黄蛋白的结果表明,雌蝇取食含糖量越高的饲料,其每日合成的卵黄蛋白及羽化后15 d内合成的总卵黄蛋白也越少,尤其是雌蝇完全摄取白糖,其每日合成的卵黄蛋白均维持在一个较低的水平,而蛋白质补充过多(如奶粉在饲料中的比例超过60%),雌蝇每日合成的卵黄蛋白及羽化后15 d内合成的总卵黄蛋白,基本不随饲料中奶粉的增加而增加。综合以上结果,作者认为用60%奶粉+40%白糖作为家蝇成虫的营养补充料,其不仅能保持雌蝇良好的繁殖力,同时也能有效降低成蝇养殖成本。

Effects of the proportion between milk powder and sugar in diet on the fecundity and vitellogenesis of Musca domestica

This study focused on the effects of different ratios of sugar and milk powder on the fecundity and yolk protein production of houseflies(Musca domestica L.)to provide technical support for large-scale and efficient breeding of houseflies.The results showed that with the increase of the proportion of milk powder in diet,the number of eggs laid per female adult fly was increased significantly.However,when the proportion of milk powder in the feed exceeded 80%,the number of eggs laid per female adult fly was significantly reduced.The highest number of eggs per female was 1936 when feeded with 60%milk powder plus 40%sugar and the lowest number of eggs per female fly was 329 when feeded with 100%sugar.The change of the ratio of milk powder to sugar had no significant effect on the pre-ovulation period of female flies.The lifespan and oviposition period of the female adult flies were significantly declined when the proportion of sugar exceeded 80%or the proportion of milk powder was 100%.The hatching rate of eggs decreased with the increase of the proportion of sugar in the diet.Especially when the proportion of sugar exceeded 60%,the hatching rate of eggs decreased significantly.We further studied the yolk protein production and results showed that the higher ratio of the sugar in diet,the less yolk protein production in female adult flies.Especially the female flies completely ingested white sugar.The production of yolk protein of female adult fly was not increased when the proportion of milk powder in the diet exceeded 60%.These results suggested that 60%milk powder plus 40%sugar was optimal for breeding of Musca domestica L,which not only maintains the good fertility of female flies,but also effectively reduced the breeding cost of adult flies.