Gustatory receptor 22e is essential for sensing chloroquine and strychnine in Drosophila melanogaster |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Project, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, South Korea;2. Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, South Korea;1. Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;2. Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;3. University Honors Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;4. Undergraduate Anthropology Major, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;1. State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China;2. National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba 305-8634, Ibaraki, Japan;3. Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500001, India;4. Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;5. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China;6. Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India;7. Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India;8. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences IEES-Paris, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris F-75005, France;9. INRA, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences IEES-Paris, Route de Saint-Cyr, Versailles F-78000, France;10. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston 02881, RI, USA |
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| Abstract: | Chloroquine, an amino quinolone derivative commonly used as an anti-malarial drug, is known to impart an unpleasant taste. Little research has been done to study chloroquine taste in insects, therefore, we examined both the deterrant properties and mechanisms underlying chloroquine perception in fruit flies. We identified the antifeedant effect of chloroquine by screening 21 gustatory receptor (Grs) mutants through behavioral feeding assays and electrophysiology experiments. We discovered that two molecular sensors, GR22e and GR33a, act as chloroquine receptors, and found that chloroquine-mediated activation of GRNs occurs through S-type sensilla. At the same time, we successfully recapitulated the chloroquine receptor by expressing GR22e in ectopic gustatory receptor neurons. We also found that GR22e forms a part of the strychnine receptor. We suggest that the Drosophila strychnine receptor might have a very complex structure since five different GRs are required for strychnine-induced action potentials. |
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| Keywords: | Chloroquine Aversive behavior Electrophysiology GR22e GR33a |
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