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A survey of Dinophysis spp. and their potential to cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning in coastal waters of the United States |
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| Authors: | Nour Ayache Brian D. Bill Michael L. Brosnahan Lisa Campbell Jonathan R. Deeds James M. Fiorendino Christopher J. Gobler Sara M. Handy Neil Harrington David M. Kulis Pearse McCarron Christopher O. Miles Stephanie K. Moore Satoshi Nagai Vera L. Trainer Jennifer L. Wolny Craig S. Young Juliette L. Smith |
| Affiliation: | 1. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia, 23062 USA;2. Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, 98112 USA Contribution: Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Methodology (equal), Resources (equal), Software (equal), Validation (equal), Visualization (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal);3. Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543 USA Contribution: Funding acquisition (equal), Project administration (equal), Resources (equal), Supervision (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal);4. Department of Oceanography and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843 USA Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843 USA Contribution: Funding acquisition (equal), Project administration (equal), Resources (equal), Supervision (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal);5. Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, 20740 USA Contribution: Data curation (equal), Funding acquisition (equal), Methodology (equal), Project administration (equal), Supervision (equal), Validation (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal);6. Department of Oceanography and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843 USA Contribution: Resources (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal);7. School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, New York, 11968 USA Contribution: Funding acquisition (equal), Project administration (equal), Resources (equal), Supervision (equal), Visualization (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal);8. Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, 20740 USA Contribution: Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Methodology (equal), Validation (equal), Visualization (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal);9. Department of Natural Resources, Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe, Sequim, Washington, 98382 USA Contribution: Data curation (equal), Funding acquisition (equal), Project administration (equal), Resources (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal);10. Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543 USA Contribution: Data curation (equal), Methodology (equal), Resources (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal);11. Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council Canada, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3Z1 Canada Contribution: Funding acquisition (equal), Project administration (equal), Resources (equal), Supervision (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal);12. Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council Canada, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3Z1 Canada Contribution: Formal analysis (equal), Methodology (equal), Resources (equal), Validation (equal), Visualization (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal);13. Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, 98112 USA;14. Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648 Japan Contribution: Resources (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal);15. Olympic Natural Resources Center, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, Washington, 98195 USA Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Funding acquisition (equal), Project administration (equal), Resources (equal), Supervision (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal);16. Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, 20740 USA;17. School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, New York, 11968 USA Contribution: Data curation (equal), Software (equal), Visualization (equal) |
| Abstract: | Multiple species of the genus Dinophysis produce diarrhetic shellfish toxins (okadaic acid and Dinophysis toxins, OA/DTXs analogs) and/or pectenotoxins (PTXs). Only since 2008 have DSP events (illnesses and/or shellfish harvesting closures) become recognized as a threat to human health in the United States. This study characterized 20 strains representing five species of Dinophysis spp. isolated from three US coastal regions that have experienced DSP events: the Northeast/Mid-Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Pacific Northwest. Using a combination of morphometric and DNA-based evidence, seven Northeast/Mid-Atlantic isolates and four Pacific Northwest isolates were classified as D. acuminata, a total of four isolates from two coasts were classified as D. norvegica, two isolates from the Pacific Northwest coast were identified as D. fortii, and three isolates from the Gulf of Mexico were identified as D. ovum and D. caudata. Toxin profiles of D. acuminata and D. norvegica varied by their geographical origin within the United States. Cross-regional comparison of toxin profiles was not possible with the other three species; however, within each region, distinct species-conserved profiles for isolates of D. fortii, D. ovum, and D. caudata were observed. Historical and recent data from various State and Tribal monitoring programs were compiled and compared, including maximum recorded cell abundances of Dinophysis spp., maximum concentrations of OA/DTXs recorded in commercial shellfish species, and durations of harvesting closures, to provide perspective regarding potential for DSP impacts to regional public health and shellfish industry. |
| Keywords: | diarrhetic shellfish poisoning Dinophysis harmful algal bloom toxin profiles |