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The clubroot pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae: A profile update |
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| Authors: | Muhammad Asim Javed Arne Schwelm Nazanin Zamani-Noor Rasha Salih Marina Silvestre Vañó Jiaxu Wu Melaine González García Thies Marten Heick Chaoyu Luo Priyavashini Prakash Edel Pérez-López |
| Institution: | 1. Départment de phytologie, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Centre de recherche et d'innovation sur les végétaux, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada Institute de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada;2. Department of Plant Science, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands Teagasc, Crops Research Centre, Carlow, Ireland;3. Julius Kühn-Institute, Institute for Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Braunschweig, Germany;4. Department of Agroecology, Crop Health, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark;5. Départment de phytologie, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China;6. Départment de phytologie, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Namakkal, India;7. Départment de phytologie, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada |
| Abstract: | BackgroundPlasmodiophora brassicae is the causal agent of clubroot disease of cruciferous plants and one of the biggest threats to the rapeseed (Brassica napus) and brassica vegetable industry worldwide.Disease symptomsIn the advanced stages of clubroot disease wilting, stunting, yellowing, and redness are visible in the shoots. However, the typical symptoms of the disease are the presence of club-shaped galls in the roots of susceptible hosts that block the absorption of water and nutrients.Host rangeMembers of the family Brassicaceae are the primary host of the pathogen, although some members of the family, such as Bunias orientalis, Coronopus squamatus, and Raphanus sativus, have been identified as being consistently resistant to P. brassicae isolates with variable virulence profile.TaxonomyClass: Phytomyxea; Order: Plasmodiophorales; Family: Plasmodiophoraceae; Genus: Plasmodiophora; Species: Plasmodiophora brassicae (Woronin, 1877).DistributionClubroot disease is spread worldwide, with reports from all continents except Antarctica. To date, clubroot disease has been reported in more than 80 countries.PathotypingBased on its virulence on different hosts, P. brassicae is classified into pathotypes or races. Five main pathotyping systems have been developed to understand the relationship between P. brassicae and its hosts. Nowadays, the Canadian clubroot differential is extensively used in Canada and has so far identified 36 different pathotypes based on the response of a set of 13 hosts.Effectors and resistanceAfter the identification and characterization of the clubroot pathogen SABATH-type methyltransferase PbBSMT, several other effectors have been characterized. However, no avirulence gene is known, hindering the functional characterization of the five intercellular nucleotide-binding (NB) site leucine-rich-repeat (LRR) receptors (NLRs) clubroot resistance genes validated to date.Important LinkCanola Council of Canada is constantly updating information about clubroot and P. brassicae as part of their Canola Encyclopedia: https://www.canolacouncil.org/canola-encyclopedia/diseases/clubroot/ .Phytosanitary categorizationPLADBR: EPPO A2 list; Annex designation 9E. |
| Keywords: | clubroot cruciferous crops effectors host resistance pathotyping Phytomyxea protist |