Gene expression and molecular characterization of a novel C-type lectin,encapsulation promoting lectin (EPL), in the rice armyworm,Mythimna separata |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Biological Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan;2. Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan;3. Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan;1. Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China;2. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China;1. Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC;2. Tungkang Biotechnology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, C.O.A, Pingtung 92845, Taiwan, ROC;1. Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;2. Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada;3. Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada;4. Instituto do Cérebro – InsCer, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, and Department of Biophysics, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;1. Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan;2. Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai-cho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Insect cellular immune reactions differ depending on the target species. Phagocytosis is activated to scavenge microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. On the other hand, larger invaders such as parasitoid wasps are eliminated by activation of encapsulation. In this study, we hypothesized that novel determinants regulate cellular immunities independent of surface molecular pattern recognition involving pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Immune-related genes differentially expressed depending on the treated material size were screened in larval hemocytes of the rice armyworm, Mythimna separata. Consequently, we identified a novel C-type lectin gene up-regulated by injection of large beads but not small beads of identical material. Examination of in vitro effect of the recombinant protein on the immune reactions clarified that the protein activated encapsulation reaction, while it suppressed phagocytosis. These results suggest that this novel C-type lectin designated “encapsulation promoting lectin (EPL)” regulates cellular immunity by a novel immune target size-recognition mechanism. |
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