Male monarch butterfly spermatophore mass and mating strategies |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Mathematics and Information Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710062, PR China;2. LAMPS, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada;3. State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, PR China;4. Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich at Medway, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK |
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| Abstract: | Male monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus, produce a spermatophore which can represent approximately 10% of their body mass. Spermatophore mass increased with age in virgin males, and with the time since last mating in non-virgin males. Male monarchs did not delay re-mating until they were able to produce a large spermatophore. Recently mated males were as likely as virgins to copulate with both virgin and non-virgin females. Monarchs provide an example of Bateman's principle, mating whenever possible, despite the non-trivial cost involved. |
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