The acquisition of dominance among free-ranging rhesus monkey siblings |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Genética, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico;2. Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA;3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at the Permian Basin, Odessa, TX, USA;4. Laboratorio de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México, D.F., Mexico;5. Department of Pathology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA;6. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico;7. Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA;8. Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA;1. Epidemiology and Public Health, Medical School, University of Exeter, RILD, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK;2. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute''s and Boston University''s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA;3. Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA;4. Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical School, University of Exeter, RILD, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK;5. Institute for Health Services Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK;6. Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;7. Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA;8. Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;9. Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA;10. Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;11. The Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA;12. Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA;13. Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA |
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| Abstract: | In several species of Cercopithecine monkeys, younger sisters reverse dominance with older sisters during the course of maturation. Proximate hypotheses to account for the phenomenon are based on few and incomplete data, and tend to be unifactorial. This paper (1) presents systematic data on ‘youngest ascendancy’ among free-ranging rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta, siblings; and (2) attempts to identify its proximate basis. Early social influences were inadequate to explain reversal. Older siblings resisted outranking, and only those younger siblings (including orphans) with powerful long-term support rebelled successfully. Supporters tended to be close relatives (such as the mother and other siblings) dominant to both siblings. Rebellion did not occur at some absolute age of the younger sibling. Its timing depended partly on the relative size of siblings, and partly on the extent of support the younger sibling had against the older. The study strongly suggests that the occurrence and timing of reversal depends on an interaction between factors predictive of individual fighting ability (such as body size) and those predictive of social power (such as alliances). Observed variation in the regularity with which ‘younges ascendancy’ occurs is discussed in relation to these findings. |
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