Fighting for females in the toad Bufo calamita is affected by the operational sex ratio |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;2. Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;3. Bayerische Staatsforsten, AöR, Zentrale, Regensburg, Germany;4. Bayerische Staatsforsten AöR, Forstbetrieb Bad Königshofen i.Gr., Ebern, Germany;5. Bayerische Staatsforsten, AöR, Forstbetrieb Fichtelberg, Fichtelberg, Germany;6. Applied Vegetation Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;7. Department of Forestry and Wood Science, Stellenbosch University, South Africa;8. Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria |
| |
| Abstract: | Fighting between male natterjack toads, Bufo calamita, for access to females was studied in relation to both the influence of male and female density each night and the operational sex ratio. Fighting males were larger than other males and were present in the breeding area on more nights but their average mating success was the same. Fighting between males was associated with not strongly male-biased operational sex ratios. The density of breeding individuals, however, was irrelevant. Take-over rate was very low with an insignificant effect on mating success. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
