Transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases |
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| Authors: | Jean-Pierre Allain Susan L Stramer ABF Carneiro-Proietti ML Martins SN Lopes da Silva M Ribeiro FA Proietti Henk W Reesink |
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| Institution: | 1. Dept. of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK;2. Scientific Support Office, American Red Cross, Gaithersburg, MD, USA;3. Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group (GIPH), Fundação Hemominas and Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil;4. Academic Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | A spectrum of blood-borne infectious agents is transmitted through transfusion of infected blood donated by apparently healthy and asymptomatic blood donors. The diversity of infectious agents includes hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1/2), human T-cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV-I/II), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Parvovirus B19, West Nile Virus (WNV), Dengue virus, trypanosomiasis, malaria, and variant CJD. Several strategies are implemented to reduce the risk of transmitting these infectious agents by donor exclusion for clinical history of risk factors, screening for the serological markers of infections, and nucleic acid testing (NAT) by viral gene amplification for direct and sensitive detection of the known infectious agents. Consequently, transfusions are safer now than ever before and we have learnt how to mitigate risks of emerging infectious diseases such as West Nile, Chikungunya, and Dengue viruses. |
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