Enhancement of immunity and disease resistance in the white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,by the probiotic,Bacillus subtilis E20 |
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| Authors: | Deng-Yu Tseng Pei-Lin Ho Sung-Yan Huang Sheng-Chi Cheng Ya-Li Shiu Chiu-Shia Chiu Chun-Hung Liu |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan, 700, Taiwan, ROC;2. Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan 912, Taiwan, ROC;3. Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan 912, Taiwan, ROC;1. Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea;2. Incheon Fisheries Research Institute, Incheon 409-871, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49138-15739, Iran;2. Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran;1. Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch-Bushehr, Bushehr, Iran;2. Islamic Azad University Bushehr Branch, Bushehr, Iran;3. Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;4. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;5. Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;1. Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia;2. Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium;1. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Mar Bermejo 195, Col., Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S., C.P. 23090, Mexico;2. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Sinaloa (CIIDIR-IPN), Blvd. Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes #250, Guasave, Sin., Mexico |
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| Abstract: | Effects of Bacillus subtilis E20 isolated from fermented soybean on immune parameters and the disease resistance of the white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) after 98 days of B. subtilis E20 feeding were evaluated in this study. Shrimp fed B. subtilis E20-containing diets at concentrations of 106 (E206), 107 (E207), and 108 (E208) cfu kg?1, respectively, had significantly increased survival rates of 13.3%, 16.7%, and 20%, compared to the control (fed no probiotic) after being challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus. There were no significant differences in the total hemocyte count, respiratory burst, or superoxide dismutase glutathione peroxidase among all treatments. Shrimp fed a higher concentration of the probiotic (E208) exhibited significant increases in phenoloxidase activity, phagocytic activity, and clearance efficiency compared to control shrimp. In addition, B. subtilis E20 showed a weaker inhibitory effect against the growth of Aeromona hydrophila with around a 0.3-cm inhibitory zone, but showed no inhibitory effects against other selected pathogens, such as white shrimp pathogens: V. alginolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus. These results suggest that the increased resistance of shrimp after B. subtilis E20 consumption occurs through immune modifications, such as increases in phenoloxidase activity, phagocytic activity, and clearance efficiency against V. alginolyticus. |
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