Influence of ankle functional instability on the ankle electromyography during landing after volleyball blocking |
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| Authors: | Eneida Yuri Suda César Ferreira Amorim Isabel de Camargo Neves Sacco |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Biomechanics of Human Movement and Posture – Physical Therapy, Speech and Occupational Therapy Department, School of Medicine, Rua Cipotânea, 51, Cidade Universitária, Butantã CEP: 05360-160, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;2. Centro Universitário Capital, Physical Therapy Course, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;3. Universidade do Grande ABC, Physical Therapy Department, Santo André, SP, Brazil;4. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculty of Engineering, Guaratinguetá, SP, Brazil;1. Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium;2. Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan, 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium;3. Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Universiteit Gent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium;1. Northern Kentucky University, School of Kinesiology, Counseling and Rehabilitation Sciences, Highland Heights, KY, USA;2. University of Virginia, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Charlottesville, VA, USA;3. University of Virginia, Curry School of Education and Human Development, Charlottesville, VA, USA;1. Department of Athletic Training, Kent State University, 350 Midway Drive, Kent, OH 44242, USA;2. Rebound Physical Therapy, Bend, OR 97702, USA;3. Exercise and Sports Injury Laboratory, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA;1. Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, 1025 E. 7th Street, Bloomington, IN, USA;2. Department of Health Promotion and Human Performance, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA |
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| Abstract: | The purpose of this study was to describe, interpret and compare the EMG activation patterns of ankle muscles – tibialis anterior (TA), peroneus longus (PL) and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) – in volleyball players with and without ankle functional instability (FI) during landing after the blocking movement. Twenty-one players with FI (IG) and 19 controls (CG) were studied. The cycle of movement analyzed was the time period between 200 ms before and 200 ms after the time of impact determined by ground reaction forces. The variables were analyzed for two different phases: pre-landing (200 ms before impact) and post-landing (200 ms after impact). The RMS values and the timing of onset activity were calculated for the three studied muscles, in both periods and for both groups. The co-activation index for TA and PL, TA and GL were also calculated. Individuals with FI presented a lower RMS value pre-landing for PL (CG = 43.0 ± 22.0; IG = 26.2 ± 8.4, p < 0.05) and higher RMS value post-landing (CG = 47.5 ± 13.3; IG = 55.8 ± 21.6, p < 0.10). Besides that, in control group PL and GL activated first and simultaneously, and TA presented a later activation, while in subjects with FI all the three muscles activated simultaneously. There were no significant differences between groups for co-activation index. Thus, the rate of contraction between agonist and antagonist muscles is similar for subjects with and without FI but the activation individually was different. Volleyball players with functional instability of the ankle showed altered patterns of the muscles that play an important role in the stabilization of the foot–ankle complex during the performance of the blocking movement, to the detriment of the ligament complex, and this fact could explain the usual complaints in these subjects. |
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