Effect of soil temperature and drought on peanut pod and stem temperatures relative to Aspergillus flavus invasion and aflatoxin contamination |
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| Authors: | Timothy H Sanders Paul D Blankenship Richard J Cole Robert A Hill |
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| Institution: | (1) National Peanut Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 31742 Dawson, Georgia;(2) Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, 31793 Tifton, Georgia |
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| Abstract: | Peanut stem and pod temperatures of plants growing in irrigated, drought, drought-heated soil, and drought-cooled soil treatments were determined near the end of the growing season. Mean soil temperatures of the treatments during this period were 21.5°, 25.5°, 30° and 20 °C, respectively. Peanut stem temperatures in all drought treatments reached a maximum of ca. 40 °C and for 6–7 h each day were as much as 10 °C warmer than irrigated peanut stems. Pod temperatures in drought-heated soil and drought treatments were ca. 34 °C and 30 °C, respectively, for several hours each day. As pod temperatures approached the optimum for A. flavus growth (ca. 35 °C), the proportion of kernels colonized and aflatoxin concentrations increased. Increased plant temperature without accompanying pod temperature increases (drought-cooled soil) resulted in colonization percentages and aflatoxin concentrations only slightly higher than those of the irrigated peanuts. |
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