真菌漆酶及其应用

漆酶是一种含铜多酚氧化酶,在白腐菌中普遍存在,少数低等真菌和植物中也产生,多为分泌型糖蛋白。至少20种漆酶得到了分离和纯化。该酶是一种氨基酸残基在500个左右的单体酶,一般都为酸性蛋白,含有4个铜离子,形成3个活性区域;表面一些氨基酸被不同程度地糖基化。晶体结构和其它一些波谱学研究解释了其空间结构和可能的电子传递机制。运用PCR技术和cDNA文库技术,越来越多的漆酶基因被克隆,许多来源的基因都是以家族形式存在于染色体上的。已研究的漆酶基因中都含有10个左右的内含子,这些内含子在活性域位置上有比较高的保守性。一些特殊序列的存在与否决定了该酶的表达形式-诱导型或组成型,诱导型菌株的调控序列中含有一段受酚类化合物作用的序列,而不含有该序列的酶基因则都是组成型表达的。漆酶在S.cerevisiae、Trichodermareesei、A.oryzaeTATAamylase和Pichiapasti等异源表达系统中有成功表达的报道。漆酶的应用集中在以下几方面:漆酶参与的有机合成;生物检测;有毒化合物的消除;工业废水处理;纸浆的生物漂白;等等。

Fungal Laccase and Its Applications

Laccase is a kind of Cu-contained polyphenol oxidase produced by many white rot fungi and excreted into the media in form of glycoproteins.More than 20 laccases of different sources have been isolated and purified,some characterisrtics of which were also detailed.Crystal diffraction and other chromatographic spectrum data revealed its space structure and possible electron transferring machnism.Cloning of laccase genes has shown that most of them were located on the chromosomes with about 10 introns.Inducibe expression of laccase is determined by xeonobiotic compound binding elements existing in the upstream.Moreover,its heterologous expressions have been reported in some systems.Laccase were applied in many area such as enzymatic synthesis,immunoassay biobleaching in pulps,biosensors,bioremedations,et al.