Molecular evidence for post-domestication selection in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Waxy</Emphasis> gene of Chinese waxy maize |
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Authors: | Longjiang Fan Liyan Quan Xiaodong Leng Xingyi Guo Weiming Hu Songlin Ruan Huasheng Ma Mengqian Zeng |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China;(2) Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China;(3) Institute of Biotechnology, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310024, China;(4) Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China |
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Abstract: | Waxy maize was first reported in China in 1909 and is mainly used in food production in Asia. The evidence for strong domestication
selection in the Waxy locus of rice and a selective sweep around its genomic region make us to wonder whether there has been similar selection
in Waxy in glutinous maize. To address this issue, DNA sequences of Waxy, three flanking genes and an unlinked gene (Adh1) of 30 accessions sampled from Chinese waxy maize accessions, including representative landraces and inbred lines, were determined
in this study. Sharp reduction of nucleotide diversity and significant neutrality tests (Tajima’s D and Fu and Li’s F*) were observed in the Waxy locus in Chinese waxy maize but not in nonglutinous maize; comparison with the unlinked gene confirmed that this pattern
was different to Waxy. Sequence analysis across a 143 kb genomic segment centered on the Waxy locus revealed patterns consistent with a selective sweep in the upstream region of Waxy. The selective sweep detected based on current limited genomic sequences exceeded over 50 kb, indicating strong selection
in this or a bigger region. However, No sweep effect was detected in the repetitive downstream region of Waxy. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Chinese waxy maize was domesticated from the cultivated flint maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) that was introduced from the new world. At least two independent deletions in exon 7 (30 bp) and 10 (15 bp) were identified
in the Chinese accessions respectively. These findings demonstrate a similar pattern of domestication selection in the Waxy genomic region in both glutinous maize and rice, suggesting that this pattern in the rise of glutinous phenotype is likely
in other cereal crops. |
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Keywords: | Chinese waxy maize Waxy locus Domestication selection Selective sweep Origin |
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