Demise of reef-flat carbonate accumulation with late Holocene sea-level fall: evidence from Molokai,Hawaii |
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Authors: | M. S. Engels C. H. Fletcher M. Field C. L. Conger C. Bochicchio |
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Affiliation: | (1) SEA Education Association, P.O. Box 6, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA;(2) Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii, 1680, East-West Rd., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;(3) US Geological Survey, Pacific Science Center, 400 Natural Bridges Dr., Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA;(4) Department of Land and Natural Resources, Hawaii Sea Grant College, 1151 Punchbowl St., Honolulu, HI 96813, USA |
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Abstract: | Twelve cores from the protected reef-flat of Molokai revealed that carbonate sediment accumulation, ranging from 3 mm year−1 to less than 1 mm year−1, ended on average 2,500 years ago. Modern sediment is present as a mobile surface veneer but is not trapped within the reef framework. This finding is consistent with the arrest of deposition at the end of the mid-Holocene highstand, known locally as the “Kapapa Stand of the Sea,” ~2 m above the present datum ca. 3,500 years ago in the main Hawaiian Islands. Subsequent erosion, non-deposition, and/or a lack of rigid binding were probable factors leading to the lack of reef-flat accumulation during the late Holocene sea-level fall. Given anticipated climate changes, increased sedimentation of reef-flat environments is to be expected as a consequence of higher sea level. |
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Keywords: | Carbonate Reef Hawaii Holocene Sea level Accretion |
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