滩涂底栖动物有机污染生态学研究进展

底栖动物由于对有机污染物具有较强的吸收能力,再加上其移动能力较差、生活方式比较固定,而被广泛运用于滩涂有机污染的研究.目前这些研究主要集中在如下几个方面：（1）有机污染物在底栖动物体内的分布特征及在底栖食物链中的动力学研究;（2）底栖动物对有机污染物的生理响应研究;（3）污染物对底栖动物群落组成和结构影响研究;（4）底栖动物在滩涂有机污染检测中的应用研究.研究结果表明：滩涂底栖动物对有机污染物的累积具有选择性和季节波动性;有机污染物可以在底栖食物链中传递;底栖动物体内的有机污染物成分和含量可以有效地指示其生存环境的有机污染状况;底栖动物的混合功能氧化酶和抗氧化酶系统对体内有机污染物的累积产生积极的响应;有机污染物对底栖动物的免疫系统造成不利影响,并对遗传物质造成破坏;有机污染对底栖动物的群落组成和结构具有显著的影响.

The research progress of organic pollutants ecology on the benthic organisms

Following the development of industry,many organic compounds have been discharged into the aquatic environment,resulting in serious pollution on the beaches.Many of these pollutants,such as PAHs,PCBs,OCPs and petroleum hydrocarbon,have been proved to be harmful to the human population.The benthic organisms,based on their ability in bio-accumulating organic contaminations,have been used internationally for bio-monitoring organic pollution in the coastal environment.In this paper we summarize the recent studies of benthic organisms in organic pollution ecology being mainly the following aspects:(1) The determination of the concentration of organic pollutants in benthic organisms and the bioaccumulation kinetics that organic pollutants accumulate and distribute in benthic fauna;(2) The physiological response of benthic organisms to the organic pollutants;(3) The effects of organic pollutants on the benthic fauna community.Studies here show that benthic organisms exhibit different accumulation patterns according to the source of pollution they were exposed to.Benthic organisms are observed to display a yearly cycle in the uptake of contaminants,due to changes associated with their reproductive cycle and lipid content.Organic pollutants are found to be harmful to the immune system of benthic organisms and cause an increase in DNA damage.These studies also show that the persistence of organic pollutants has a negative effect on the benthic community.In this paper,research progress in this field is reviewed and future research is suggested.