Structural insights on the new mechanism of trehalose synthesis by trehalose synthase TreT from Pyrococcus horikoshii |
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Authors: | Woo Eui-Jeon Ryu Soo-In Song Hyung-Nam Jung Tae-Yang Yeon Sei-Mee Lee Hyun-Ah Park Byoung Chul Park Kwan-Hwa Lee Soo-Bok |
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Affiliation: | 1 Medical Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejon 305-806, Republic of Korea2 Department of Food and Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea3 Department of Biology, University of Incheon, Incheon 402-749, Republic of Korea |
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Abstract: | Many microorganisms produce trehalose for stability and survival against various environmental stresses. Unlike the widely distributed trehalose-biosynthetic pathway, which utilizes uridine diphosphate glucose and glucose-6-phosphate, the newly identified enzyme trehalose glycosyltransferring synthase (TreT) from hyperthermophilic bacteria and archaea synthesizes an α,α-trehalose from nucleoside diphosphate glucose and glucose. In the present study, we determined the crystal structure of TreT from Pyrococcus horikoshii at 2.3 Å resolution to understand the detailed mechanism of this novel trehalose synthase. The conservation of essential residues in TreT and the high overall structural similarity of the N-terminal domain to that of trehalose phosphate synthase (TPS) imply that the catalytic reaction of TreT for trehalose synthesis would follow a similar mechanism to that of TPS. The acceptor binding site of TreT shows a wide and commodious groove and lacks the long flexible loop that plays a gating role in ligand binding in TPS. The observation of a wide space at the fissure between two domains and the relative shift of the N-domain in one of the crystal forms suggest that an interactive conformational change between two domains would occur, allowing a more compact architecture for catalysis. The structural analysis and biochemical data in this study provide a molecular basis for understanding the synthetic mechanism of trehalose, or the nucleotide sugar in reverse reaction of the TreT, in extremophiles that may have important industrial implications. |
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Keywords: | TreT trehalose synthase x-ray structure glycosyltransferase Pyrococcus horikoshii |
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