西双版纳野生有毒植物资源调查研究

通过野外及走访调查,对西双版纳野生有毒植物资源进行了调查,同时对其科属分布、生活型组成、毒性、有毒部位进行了分析。结果显示,西双版纳野生有毒植物289种,隶属于79科214属,其中优势科集中在豆科、大戟科、天南星科、夹竹桃科、芸香科,优势属为大戟属和茄属;生活型以草本植物居多,占36.68%;有毒部位以全株或全草有毒为主,占37.37%;毒性以小毒植物占大多数,剧毒植物有5种,大毒植物有11种。通过走访调查了解到,商陆、钩吻、相思子、曼陀罗、洋金花、油桐、蓖麻等有毒植物种类在民间曾多次发生误食中毒甚至死亡事例,需要特别注意识别。今后应加强对常见有毒植物的辨识与防范科普宣传,同时加强对有毒植物的开发和应用研究。

Study on the Wild Poisonous Plants in Xishuangbanna

Based on field investigations, the taxa, life forms, toxicity, poisonous parts and utilization value of the wild poisonous plant resources of Xishuangbanna were analyzed. The investigation showed that there were 79 families, 214 genera and 289 species of wild poisonous plants in Xishuangbanna, among which the dominant families were mainly Leguminosae, Euphorbiaceae, Araceae, Apocynaceae and Rutaceae, and the dominant genera were Euphorbia and Solanum. Herbaceous plants accounted for 36.68%. The toxic parts were mainly the whole plant or the whole grass, accounting for 37.37%. Most toxic plants are mild poisonous plants, 5 kinds of highly poisonous and 11 kinds of strong poisonous. Through interviews and investigations, poisonous plant species such as Phytolacca acinosa, Gelsemium elegans, Abrus precatorius, Datura stramonium, Datura metel, Vernicia fordii and Ricinus communis. It requires special attention to identify these poisonous species. In the future, the identification and prevention of common poisonous plants should be highlighted, and the development and utilization of poisonous plants should be strengthened.