Unpredictable responses of garden snail (Helix aspersa) populations to climate change |
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| Affiliation: | 1. NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK;2. Netherlands Institute of Ecology, P.O. Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, The Netherlands;1. Natural History Museum of Crete, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, GR71 409, Irakleion, Greece;2. Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Remote Sensing Laboratory, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece;3. Biology Department, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, GR70 013, Irakleion, Greece;4. Wildlife Research Unit, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Napoli, Italy;5. School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, BS8 1TQ, Bristol, UK;1. Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište Ivama Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia;2. Polytechnic University of Marche, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;3. Faculty of Science, University of Split, Teslina 12, Split, Croatia;4. Boston University, Biological Science Center, 5 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215-2406, USA;5. Université de Brest, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l''Environnement Marin (LEMAR UMR6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD), rue Dumont d''Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France;1. University of Zaragoza, Department of Earth Science, Área of Palaeontology, 12 Pedro Cerbuna Street, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;2. Aragosaurus-IUCA, University of Zaragoza, 12 Pedro Cerbuna Street, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;3. IPHES, University of Rovira i Virgil, Sescelades Campus, Building W3, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;1. University of Alabama, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Box 870276, Tuscaloosa, AL 35406, USA;2. US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA;3. University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 259 Boulevard Alfonso Valdes, Mayaguez, PR 00681, USA;4. US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA;5. National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Beamline X27A, Bldg 725, Upton, NY 11973, USA |
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| Abstract: | We studied the impact of climate change on the population dynamics of the garden snail (Helix aspersa) in the Ecotron controlled environment facility. The experimental series ran for three plant generations, allowing the snails to reproduce. We investigated the isolated and combined effects of elevated CO2 (current + 200 μmol mol–1) and warming (current + 2ºC) in three consecutive runs (CO2, Temperature and Combined). In the CO2 Run, the number of juvenile snails recorded at the end of the experiment did not differ between ambient and elevated CO2, whereas in the Temperature Run, fewer juveniles were found at elevated temperatures. An opposite response was observed in the Combined Run, where significantly more juveniles were found in elevated temperature and CO2 compared to elevated CO2 on its own. Within each run, juvenile emergence was not affected by treatments but juvenile presence was first observed about 70 days earlier in the Combined Run than in the Temperature Run. The differences in snail performance in the different runs were not correlated with differences in community structure or leaf quality measured as C:N ratios and neither with the abundance of the most preferred host plant species, Cardamine hirsuta. The abundance of this species, however, was significantly altered in all runs. The results illustrate clearly the degree of difficulty in making predictable generalisations about the consequences of climate change for certain species. |
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