白腰雪雀分类地位的商榷

自腰雪雀Onychostruthus taczanowskii(Przewalski)的分类地位比较混乱.在早期的分类系统中,它被归属于雪雀属Montifringilla下.后期由于生态习性与行为特征的不同,被划分至地雀属Pyrgilauda下;又有将它划分为独立属--高原雀属Onychostruthus的观点.本文结合身体量衡度数值特征、外部形态特征以及遗传差异上的研究,综合探讨白腰雪雀的分类地位.对量衡度特征的因子分析发现:白腰雪雀与地雀属种类在体长、体重、翅长、尾长、嘴长与跗蹠长上明显不同,其体形明显偏大.形态特征的聚类分析显示:白腰雪雀与地雀属种类的平均特征差异为0.3902～0.5122,而这些种类间平均特征差异为0.1281～0.2195.比较属间差异发现:石雀Petronia petronia与地雀属种类为0.4878～0.5385,树麻雀Passer montanus与地雀属种类为0.4872～0.5610.麻雀属与石雀属为0.3415,这些结果显示自腰雪雀与地雀属种类的差异已经达到石雀属、麻雀属与地雀属属间的差异.通过比较白腰雪雀与石雀的遗传差异(0.2578),地雀属种类与石雀的遗传差异(0.2386～0.3193),发现白腰雪雀与地雀属种类具有较大的遗传差异(0.2267～0.3143),几近于地雀属与石雀属间的差异.综合量衡度、形态以及遗传等特征的分析结果,作者认为白腰雪雀与地雀属种类有较大的差异,两者间的差异已经达到了它们与近缘属石雀属和麻雀属间的差异,以及近缘属之间的差异,因此,建议白腰雪雀应作为一个独立的属,高原雀属Onychostruthus.

ON THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF ONYCHOSTRUTHUS TACZANOWSKII

The taxonomic status of Onychostruthus taczanowskii is currently very confused. Some recognize it belonging to genus Montifringilla and some put it into genus Pyrgilauda, but others set up a genus Onychostruthus. No one systematically studied the taxonomic status of its. In this paper, the taxonomic status of this species is discussed based on principal numerical characters, morphological characters and genetic variation integratively. By PCA-factor analysis, O. taczanowskii is divergence from Pyrgilauda species in body length, body mass, wing length, tail length and tarsus length, while Pyrgilauda species are overlapped in these characters to some extent. In clustering analysis based on morphological characteristics, the mean characters differences between O. taczanowskii and Pyrgilauda species are between 0.3902 and 0.5122, whereas among Pyrgilauda species are between 0.1281 and 0.2195. Compared with the range of 0.4878 to 0.5385 between Petronia and Pyrgilauda species, 0.4872 to 0.5610 between Passer and Pyrgilauda species, 0.3415 between Petronia and Passer, the differences between O. taczanowskii and Pyrgilauda species almost reach to the differences among all these genera. In genetic variation, the genetic distances between O. taczanowskii and Pyrgilauda species are between 0.2276 and 0.3143, while it is 0.2578 between O. taczanowskii and Petronia, 0.2368 to 0.3193 between Petronia and Pyrgilauda species. By considering all these data from numerical, morphological characteristics and genetic variation, we find that the differences between O. taczanowskii and Pyrgilauda species are nearly equal to differences among Petronia, Pyrgilauda and Passer, thus, we suggest that O. taczanowskii should be lifted as a genus (Onychostruthus), and it should be a valid genus.