Using the Selective Ion Exchange Resin Extraction and XANES Methods to Evaluate the Effect of Compost Amendments on Soil Chromium(VI)
Phytotoxicity |
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Authors: | Dar-Yuan Lee Yu-Na Shih Hsiu-Ching Zheng Chiou-Pin Chen Kai-Wei Juang Jyh-Fu Lee Lo Tsui |
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Institution: | (1) Graduate Institute of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;(2) Department of Post-Modern Agriculture, MingDao University, Pitou, Changhua, Taiwan;(3) National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan |
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Abstract: | The Cu-saturated selective ion exchange resin (DOWEX M4195) extraction method was used to investigate the effects of two amendments,
5 and 15% organic matter in the form of hog-dung compost (HC) or cattle-dung compost (CC), on Cr(VI) bioavailability in three
soils spiked with various levels of Cr(VI). The results showed that addition of composts could decrease the amounts of resin-extractable
Cr(VI) in Cr(VI)-spiked soils, and the CC amendment decreased resin-extractable Cr(VI) more than the HC amendment. The X-ray
Absorption Near-edge Structure spectroscopy (XANES) method was used to examine the distribution of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species
in Cr(VI)-spiked soils that were affected by compost amendments, and to elucidate the mechanisms for the decrease of resin-extractable
Cr(VI) due to the application of composts. The XANES results suggested that the decrease in the amounts of resin-extractable
Cr(VI) after compost addition was mainly due to the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). The amounts of soil resin-extractable
Cr(VI) were also correlated with wheat seedling growth in order to evaluate the effect of compost amendments on decreasing
the phytotoxicity of soil Cr(VI). The results showed that there was a sigmoidal relationship between soil resin-extractable
Cr(VI) and the plant height of wheat seedlings and the obtained effective concentrations of resin-extractable Cr(VI) resulting
in 10 and 50% growth inhibition (EC10 and EC50) were 76 and 191 mg kg−1 respectively. The above results suggested that the resin extraction method was a useful tool for assessing Cr(VI) phytotoxicity
and that addition of composts would enhance Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III) in soils and thus relieve Cr(VI) phytotoxicity. |
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Keywords: | chromium heavy metal ion exchange resin phytotoxicity XANES |
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