Testing the role of phenotypic plasticity for local adaptation: growth and development in time-constrained Rana temporaria populations |
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Authors: | Lind M I Johansson F |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Ume? University, Ume?, Sweden;2. Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK;3. Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden |
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Abstract: | Phenotypic plasticity can be important for local adaptation, because it enables individuals to survive in a novel environment until genetic changes have been accumulated by genetic accommodation. By analysing the relationship between development rate and growth rate, it can be determined whether plasticity in life-history traits is caused by changed physiology or behaviour. We extended this to examine whether plasticity had been aiding local adaptation, by investigating whether the plastic response had been fixed in locally adapted populations. Tadpoles from island populations of Rana temporaria, locally adapted to different pool-drying regimes, were monitored in a common garden. Individual differences in development rate were caused by different foraging efficiency. However, developmental plasticity was physiologically mediated by trading off growth against development rate. Surprisingly, plasticity has not aided local adaptation to time-stressed environments, because local adaptation was not caused by genetic assimilation but on selection on the standing genetic variation in development time. |
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Keywords: | common frog development rate development time genetic accommodation growth rate life‐history shift time constraints trade‐off |
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