国产铁青树科植物的订正与补充报导以及有关该科的分类和区系等若干问题的初步探讨

本文除对中国铁青树科植物作一订正与补充报导外,还对该科起源、分类、区系等若干问题作一初步的探讨。作者根据该科具多类型的特征,如形态、解剖等既有原始性状,又有略进化的特点,特别是少数种木质部导管有梯状穿孔以及古植物孢粉和化石分别出现于晚白垩纪或早第三纪等资料,认为该科可能起源于白垩纪,起源中心可能接近于古地中海西部的南美洲东北部热带古陆地区,而亚洲南部热带古陆地区是分化中心之一,同时怍者在研究该目各科及邻近目、科的分类、解剖及孢粉形态后提出:另立铁青树目的主张是合理的,该目可能起源于从木兰目中已灭绝的原始类群向蔷薇目进化过程中派生的一个分枝上衍生出的一个目,在这分枝的早期还先后分化出山龙眼目、卫矛目、鼠李目等,这几个目均具多类型、即既具有原始性状、又具有稍进化的过渡性的特征,另外在这分枝的中、后期,还衍生出进化类型的檀香目及蛇菰目,此外作者研究了赤苍藤属分类及花粉特征后,认为该属仍是铁青树科的范畴,不应另立为赤苍藤科,但该属又与铁青树科已知的三亚科性状有明显区别,因此建议在该科下另立一新亚科——赤苍藤亚科。

A REVISION AND ADDITION OF OLACACEAE FROM CHINA AND A PRIMITIVE DISCUSION FOR THE TAXONOMY AND FLORISTICS OF THE FAMILY

In the present paper there are mainly two parts:1. To give the chinese genera and species of Olacaceae a revision and addition, such as a new plant name, Olax ausirosinensis Y. R. Ling nom. nov. instead of O. laxiflora Merr. ex Li, which was non effective publication a new stage, Subfam. Erythropaloideae Y.R. Ling, stat. nov. under Olacaceae instead of Erythropalaceae van Tiegh.; and a new note of distribution of Schoepfia, such as S. jasminodora Sieb. & Zucc. which was distributed to the S. Qingling Mrs.——S. Gansu, S. Shaanxi and S. Henan. Besides that, draw a line between Olax wigtiana Wall. ex Wight & Arn and O. imbricata Boxb. as well as Schoepfia jasmincdora Sieb. & Zucc. and S. chinensis Gardn. & Champ. On the other hand, correct the distrbution region of the latter, shown by H. Sleumer、and correct the inflorescentia of Schoepfia into cyma scorpoidea or cyma helieoidea instead of spike or raceme.2. According to the researched materials by the auther and the other publicated materials from the information on morphology, anatomy, taxonomy, pollenology, and palynology etc. an attempt would be made to regard the origin and the evolution of Class Olacales, in which include primitive, intermediate and more advanced characters as well. It's possible, in Olacales (cr Olocaccae) the primitive species, which have been dead now, arose at the late Cretaceus or even earlier time. The original centre would be in the ancient tropical continent of S. America and the primitive species would be derived from the lateral branehlet, which had been derived from the branch i. e. from the primitive species of Magnoliales to Rosales, but not straight from Rosales, Celaslrales or Ranales, which had been shown by J. Hutchinson, A. A. FpoccreЙм, А. Л. Тахтажян and A. Cronquist. However, at the beginning of this branchlet Prcteales, Celastrales and Rhamnales had been separated yet. But at the later of this branchlet Santalales and BalanoPhorales had been developed from the primitive species of Clccales, so that the latter are closely related to the former. At the end of the paper the character of the floristics of Olacaceae would be shown, perheps the most account of the genera in that, especialy in more primitive Subfam. AnaccIoscideoe, is in S. America, but the most account of species is in S. Asia. As a matter of fact, there are two divided centre i. e. North of S. America or within N.-W. Africa and North of S. America and S.-W. and S. Asia (from Arabia to India, lndochina, Malaysiana, S. China, Philipine and so on). As a result of the separation of the ancient geography and the climate many species are as a discontinuous distribution within the continents of the tropical and sutropical zones. So the continent of the tropical zones of N.-W. Africa, S. Asia and North of S. America are the present geographic distribution centre of Olacaceae.